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SENATE No. 1. 

ADDRESS 

OF 

HIS EXCELLENCY ^^ 

JOHN A. ANDREW. 



TWO BRANCHES 



legislature of IBassarljusetts, 



JANUARY 6, 1865 



BOSTON: 

WRIGHT & POTTER, STATE PRINTERS, 

No. 4 Spring Lane. 

1865. 



^\ 



/ 



ADDRESS. 



Gentlemen of the Senate and 

OF the House of Representatives : — 

By the blessing of Almighty God, the People of 
Massachusetts witness to-day the inauguration of a 
new political year under circumstances in which the 
victories of the past, blended with bright and well- 
grounded hope for the future, assure the early return 
of National Peace, the firm establishment of Liberty, 
and auspicate the lasting glory of the Republic. 

Let us mark the beginning of our official service 
by contemplating our field of obligation, our sphere 
of duty, and the means and opportunities of the 
Commonwealth . 

To estimate correctly its financial condition, a careful 
survey of the Annual Reports of the Treasurer and 
of the Auditor will be needed. But for the purposes 
of this occasion I ask your observation of a summary 
of their results. 

The Liabilities and Resources of the Commonwealth 
are these : 



4 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

LiabilitiesJ^ 
Scrip loaned Railroad Corporations, $6,574,435 56 
Scrip issued in '61, '62, '63, and '64, 

on account of war expenses, . 6,188.500 00 
Scrip issued for all other purposes, 1,610,000 00 
Unfunded debt, including monthly 

pay due volunteers, . . . 8,521,037 00 

$22,893,972 56 

Resources.* 
Productive property, consisting of 
sinking funds, &c., (and exclusive 
of School and other Trust Funds, 
$2,131,326,) . . . .$14,669,293 97 
Unproductive property, . . 3,187,917 33 

$17,857,211 30 

The ordinary Revenue., and ordinary Disbursements 
of the Commonwealth during the year 1864, for other 
purposes than those provided for by loan, to which 
allusion will be made elsewhere, were as follows : — 

Hevemicf 
From all sources, including the corporation tax not 

yet distributed, and exclusive of loans, . . $5,840,317 61 

Dishursements.'\ 
For other purposes than those provided for by loans, 5,102,257 95 



Leaving cash on hand, .... $738,059 66 

Bounty Fund — Temporary Loans — Issue of New Bonds. 

The General Court, by chap. 313 of the Acts of 

1864, created a "Bounty Fund" and authorized the 

* For details of Liabihties and Resources, see Appendix, [A.] 
t For details of Revenue and Disbursements during the year, see 
Appendix, [B.] 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 5 

issue of ten million dollars of scrip, at interest not 
exceeding five per cent, per annum, payable in gold, 
to " be sold and disposed of at public auction, or in 
such other mode and at such times and in such pieces 
and amounts as the Governor and Council shall deem 
for the best interest of the Commonwealth." By 
chap, 91, Acts of 1863, a Bounty Fund had been 
authorized, of $1,500,000. Of this, $200,000 in scrip 
was sold during that year, when that fund became 
merged in the ten million fund of 1864. The 
few weeks next following the adjournment of the Leg- 
islature of 1864, on the last day of whose session, 
(May 14,) the ten million Act was passed, witnessed 
extraordinary fluctuations and a surprising apprecia- 
tion of gold, until on the fii'st day of July it rose to 
the apparent market value of 185 per cent, premium. 
In fact, the history of the year was a history of unex- 
ampled fluctuation, disturbing all monetary transac- 
tions. After the scrip was ready for issue, the prevail- 
ing premiums were too dear to leave it wise, in our 
judgment, to involve the State without necessity, until 
legislative reexamination, in the purchase of gold for 
the payment of interest on more bonds. And the high 
premiums were themselves too unsteady to render 
them a safe basis for the calculations of people having 
money to lend. The result was, that in selling new 



6 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

bonds we should have incurred the risk of paying a 
rate of interest, which, when reckoned in currency, on 
the probable cost of gold, seemed excessive and dis- 
proportionate to the price for which the bonds could 
be sold. While we could borrow money at six per 
cent, interest, payable in currency, gold-bearing five 
per cent, bonds would not bring an excess above par, 
sufficient to reduce the apparent cost of the gold 
needed for their interest, to below twelve or fourteen 
per cent. Accordingly the Treasurer invited loans at 
call, under the provisions of sect. 7, of chapter 254 of 
the Acts of 1863 ; and the receipts from this source, 
with loans from the banks, under sect. 83, chapter 57 
of the General Statutes, rendered it easy to suspend 
the sale of gold-bearing scrip. 

This loan from the banks at five per cent, should 
be returned at the earliest practicable moment. The 
theory of the law under which it is made, is, that it 
is designed to meet a temporary exigency. It is not 
equitable to requu'e the banks to make a permanent 
loan of money to the State at five per cent., while the 
State is paying six per cent, to others. 

The loans at call have answered two good pur- 
poses. They absorb the surplus capital of the 
community on the best security, and at the same 
time relieve demands upon the Treasury. The 



<^ c 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 7 

Act authorizing these call-loans, limited the interest 
to five per cent.; but early last summer it was 
found that deposits of the call-loan were becoming 
small, and previous deposits were rapidly withdrawn, 
money being fairly worth in the market more 
than five per cent, on solid securities. The Treasurer, 
therefore, by the advice of the Governor and Council 
— who deemed it their duty to assume the responsi- 
bility — advertised for loans at six per cent. The 
alternative was, to pay that rate in currency, or to 
issue five per cent, gold-bearing scrip, involving a cost 
of from twelve to fourteen per cent, interest in cur- 
rency. The aggregate amount of interest thus paid 
by this addition of one per cent, interest, is about 
$15,000. I recommend that the Legislature should 
legalize this payment, and should authorize a similar 
rate hereafter. 

I have the honor also to recommend that authority 
be given to issue bonds for the funding of the residue 
of our floating debt, expressed either in dollars or in 
pounds sterling, and payable either in gold or in the 
lawful tender of the United States, at the discretion 
of the Executive Department. Sterling bonds have 
an advantage in the markets of Europe, over those of 
the other denominations, and therefore invite European 
purchasers. Bonds bearing interest payable in cur- 

tofC, 



8 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

rency, will possess the merit, in appealing to domestic 
lenders, of offering a remuneration in money of the 
same kind in which their loans are made. And 
while gold, in its present demonetized condition, con- 
tinues subject to all the fluctuations of an article of 
both commercial and political speculation, it may be 
better for the Commonwealth, not having the control 
of the currency, to conform to the familiar transactions 
of the home market, when it borrows money at home. 

All the scrip hitherto issued hi/ Massachusetts, she is 
bound to pai/, a^id she will pay — hoth interest and prin- 
cipal — in gold, to all holders, ivith the cheerfulness 
which becomes her spotless honor, and the promptness 
of an industrious, economical a?id thrifty Commonwealth. 

There is nothing in the present or probable indebt- 
edness of the Commonwealth, to excite apprehension. 
In the Inaugural Address of January, 1861, I found 
the public debt to be |8, 103,03 9. To this has been 
added during the war, $14,372,935, much the larger 
part of which is held by our own citizens ; while, to 
say nothing of any other increase of wealth, of which 
the Report of the Valuation Committee will exhibit 
the evidence, the increased deposits in our savings 
institutions alone, for 1864 over 1860, are more than 
$3,000,000 in excess of our war debt. So that the 
very depositors of savings, out of this increased 



1865.] SENxiTE— No. 1. 9 

aggregate of their modest earnings saved and 
deposited, could lend money enough to pay the whole 
war debt of the Commonwealth, and have left on 
deposit as much as they had when the war began, 
and more than three millions of dollars besides. 

Bounties. 
I shall transmit, for the information of the Leg- 
islature, the report of the Paymasters appointed 
under the Act of 1863, chap. 254, to disburse the 
State bounties to Volunteers. By this report it will 
appear that, up to the 30th of November, 1864, 
the disbursements by the Paymasters amounted to 
18,235,882.53, and were paid to 28,775 volunteers 
enlisted in the Army, and 745 enlisted in the -Navy. 
Previous to the appointment of Paymasters, the State 
Treasurer had disbursed the further sum of 1 18, 025 
to 57 volunteers, under the same statute; and under 
the system of recruiting in rebel States, adopted by 
General Order No. 27, bounties have been paid to 
1,295 men, amounting to the additional sum of 
$417,700. There is an unpaid balance, upon the rolls 
in the hands of tlie Paymasters, of $217,824.60. Of 
these unpaid bounties, some have been forfeited by 
desertion, or by rejection after muster for disability 
existmg prior to enlistment, some probably belong to 



10 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

prisoners, and others to men who mtended to leave 
their money in the State Treasury on interest, and 
were not aware of the necessity of making allotments 
in proper form. 

Beside the above, there are 3,560 volunteers for 
one year, who have elected to take $20 per month, and 
are not entitled to any advance bounty. 

The number of volunteers who have been paid 
directly, at the office of the Treasurer of the Common- 
wealth, the monthly bounty of $20, is 13,04:3 ; and the 
bounties so paid amount to |996,360.03. 

There remain in the State Treasury to the credit 
of Massachusetts soldiers $436,130.37, of which sum 
about $30,000 is United States' pay allotted. 

I cannot forbear, in the light of experience, to 
repeat the opinion that considerable bounties paid 
in advance, are not needful, nor even desirable for 
the procurement of real soldiers and honest service. 
We want not merely recruits, but men for the war; 
not mercenaries, but patriotic soldiers ; men to whom 
the service mean-s duty, and honor to themselves, hap- 
piness and welfare for their children hereafter to the 
latest generation. I am deeply impressed with the 
conviction declared in a former address, that in addition 
to a moderate bounty to enable the soldier to leave 
something behind to stock the household supplies, and 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 11 

to secure his family from petty wants and cares at 
such a time, the best interest of the Government and 
of Society dictates the poUcy of equitable compensa- 
tion, not the payment of more considerable bounties. 
The bounty of the Government ought to be reserved for 
liberal pensions, promptly paid, to the disabled soldier, 
to the widows and children of the dead who fell in 
the service of their country; for relief to families 
during the progress of the war, for whose exigencies 
the regular compensation of the soldier is inadequate. 
The picture drawn by Mr. Hamilton, (Federalist, 
No. 22,) of the experience of the country in the 
War of Independence, occasioned by competition 
between communities, aggravated by bounties, has 
been again realized throughout the land. Few men 
of this generation remembered the wisdom learned 
by our fathers. The words of their testimonies had 
been unheeded or forgotten. But before our present 
trials are over, the inexorable logic of reason, and of 
history, will have taught the people a lesson in this 
regard which they cannot fail to comprehend 
and remember. I do not know that this repeti- 
tion of an old error, under the circumstances of the 
country, could well have been avoided ; it was one of 
the natural evil consequences of the absence of 
military education, and of the absence of preparation 



12 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

for the duties of public defence by the strong arms of 
the people. 

The way to prevent the recurrence of these and 
many other evils is to organize and maintain in high 
efficiency the Militia of the States. The decay of the 
militia, and the neglect into which military education 
in the Free States had fallen, tempted the leading 
spirits of the rebellion to their tremendous experi- 
ment of crime. And it is due to the scattering frag- 
ments of State Militia which remained in the North, 
that the rebellion did not usurp the powers of the 
Union and destroy it, before the Federal Government 
had opportunity to collect its means and set them 
in motion. 

State Banks — Institutions for Savings. 

The number of Savings Institutions in operation in 
the Commonwealth is 98. Two more, incorporated by 
the Legislature of 1864, have been organized. Their 
progress and business derive especial interest from 
their being depositaries of the earnings of labor. They 
illustrate the distribution of wealth in our community, 
since no sum larger than $1,000 is allowed by Statute 
to be held for any one depositor, other than a religious 
or charitable corporation. 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 13 

The whole number of depositors in 97 Savings 
Banks (the Mercantile Savings Institution of 
Boston not being included in the "Abstracts,") is 291,616 

The number of depositors in the year 1863 (95 

banks) was 272,219 



Showing an increase in 1864 of . . . 19,397 

The amount of deposits (in 97 Savings Banks,) is . $62,557,604 30 
Against an amount in the year 1863 (in 95 banks,) 

of 56,883,828 55 



Exliibiting an increase in 1864 of . . . $5,673,775 75 

a greater increase than in any one year before, except 
the year 1863, when it was $6,480,154, and exhibit- 
ing an increase of deposits during the last four years 
of $17,503,369.30. 

The Savings deposit alone is larger than the hank- 
ing capital and Savings deposit at the time the 
Bank Commission was estabUshed in 1851, when 
the capital of 130 banks was $38,265,000, and the 
deposit in 45 Savings Institutions was $15,554,088, 
their aggregate then being $53,819,088. 

The number of Banks in Massachusetts, organized 
under its laws, was, on January 1, 1864, 181, having 
a capital of $66,841,200. An increase of capital was 
granted to one bank, of $150,000, making in all 
$66,991,200. Of these, 52, with a capital of 
$25,801,700, have become National Banking Associa- 
tions during the year, leaving 129, with a capital of 



14 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

$41,189,500, as State Banks on January 1, 1865. Of 
these, 47, having a capital of $14,915,000, have signi- 
fied their intention to become National, leaving 82 
which, as yet, have taken no steps towards changing, 
with an aggregate capital of $26,274,500. Of the 52 
actually changed, 4 were established under our Gen- 
eral Banking Act, their capital amounting to $2,500,- 
000, the other 48 being chartered banks, with a 
capital of $23,301,700 ; their total capital being $25,- 
801,700. Of the 47 proposing to become National, 
one is a bank established under the General Act, hav- 
ing a capital of $200,000, leaving among the 82 that 
remain, one only (the Revere,) with a capital of $1,000,- 
000, still acting under our General Banking Act. The 
number of new National Banks in the State, so far as 
the Commissioners have information, is twenty-five, 
with a capital of about $4,000,000. 

In my annual address of 1863, (next following that 
Report of the Secretary of the Treasury in which he 
recommended the creation of a National System of 
banking,) I did not hesitate to place the Executive 
Department of Massachusetts in prompt support of 
the main design of the Federal Government to 
nationalize the paper currency used by the people, 
and to secure to the nation itself, in its time of need, 
the powerful material support of the vast aggregate of 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 15 

capital represented by monetary institutions. Not- 
withstanding the existence of a system of banking in 
Massachusetts, which justly commanded the public 
confidence, and notwithstanding the splendid revenue 
derived from it to our Treasury, (which I originally 
suggested Massachusetts would have to abandon,) the 
Legislature, in that spirit of devoted and larger-minded 
patriotism which has always characterized its National 
policy, provided at once express legislation to enable 
any of our existing banks to re-organize as banking 
associations under the Act of Congress. The statis- 
tics I have just read, exhibit the contribution we have 
made toward inaugurating the Federal system. I 
find by the report of the Comptroller of the Cur- 
rency, (under date of Nov. 25, 1864,) that the aggre- 
gate capital stock paid in, of all the National Banking 
Associations then organized, was $108,964,597.28, 
and that of this sum those of Massachusetts had 
125,909,010.00, so that the paid-in capital of the 
National Banking Associations organized in Massa- 
chusetts, is nearly one-quarter part of the aggregate. 

The constitutional right of the several States to 
create banks of issue, was long since authoritatively 
affirmed by the Supreme Court of the Union.* I do 



* Briscoe vs. The Bank of Kentucky. — 11 Peters, 257. 
Darrington vs. The Bank of Alabama. — 13 Howard, 12. 



16 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

not understand that the constitutional right is now 
questioned. But should Congress deem it wise to 
impose taxes largely discriminating against the State 
banks, and in favor of the National associations, the 
right to create such banks may cease to be exercised. 
But Congress has not yet deemed such emphatic dis- 
crimination expedient. Meanwhile, I am bound to 
suggest to the General Court the inquiry, whether 
it becomes the Commonwealth, by its own legislation, 
practically to discriminate against its own banks, and 
precipitate them all into National associations. The 
National system is confessedly incomplete.* It is new 

* " Some important amendments are required to the Act, in order that it 
should be fully accommodated to the wants and business of the country. 

"The provisions in regard to the lawful money reserve and the distri- 
bution of the assets of insolvent banks require modification. 

" I am still of the opinion that the rates of interest to be charged by the 
national banks should be fixed by Congress, and not by the States. 

" There are too many points at which the banks may redeem their notes. 
All, with the exception of those in Philadelphia and Boston, should redeem 
in New York. The banks ought to be compelled by law to retain a part, if 
not all the coin received by them, for interest on their gold-bearing bonds, 
in order that they may be prepared to lend their influence in favor of a 
return to specie payments; and some provisions should be introduced by 
which, when specie payments are resumed, excessive importation of goods 
may be checked, and dangerous exportations of coin may be prevented. 

" It is of the greatest importance that the national currency system should 
be independent of politics and freed from political influences. To effect 
this, and to facilitate the business of the banks with the Comptroller, I am 
clearly of the opinion that the bureau should be made an independent 
department, and removed from Washington to Philadelphia or New York. 

"I do not, however, recommend that any amendments be made by the 
present Congress. The Act will do well enough as it is for another year. 
When the next Congress assembles, the defects in it will be better under- 
stood, by the practical working of the system, than they can be at the 
present time. The Act can then be taken up and, witli the light which the 
experience of another year has thrown upon it, judiciously amended." — 
Report of Comptroller of Currency, Kovemher 25, 1864. 



865.] SENATE— No. 1. 17 

and on trial. If there is any burden in the experi- 
ment, Massachusetts has taken her share in it. She 
began at the beginning with alacrity, and sjie bears 
it with cheerfulness. Having made more than her 
full contribution toward initiating this National meas- 
ure, might it not be wiser so to adapt our own legisla- 
tion, that the remaining State institutions will be left 
subject to the operation of the laws of Congress, and 
of political economy, by which they will be affected 
equally with the banks and capitalists of the other 
Commonwealths \ To this end, I recommend a repeal 
of the special tax on banking capital, and that the 
rate of interest payable on temporary loans required 
of them to the Commonwealth, be raised to six per 
cent, at the discretion of the Executive Department. 
Our banks will then remain under their charters, or 
re-organize under the Act of Congress, according as 
their own intelligent judgment of the interests of their 
stockholders, in view of present and future legislation, 
shall lead them to determine. The Comptroller of the 
Currency thinks the time has passed of any uncertainty 
in regard to the success of the National Banking 
System or the popular verdict upon it. He thinks 
the time has arrived when all the State institutions 
should be compelled by taxation to retire their circu- 
lation. If Congress shall thus determine, those of 



18 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

our banks desiring to issue paper money, alike with 
those of other States, will be uuuer the necessity of 
changing their organization. Until Congress shall 
thus determine, ought they not to remain as free as 
are the banks of other States 1 



Harbors and Flats, 
To the Commissioners on Harbors and Flats, a 
temporary body created by a Kesolve of the General 
Court in 1862, was assigned the duty of making a 
report on the Flats in Boston Harbor, which duty 
was ably performed. From that report, and from 
those of the United States Commissioners on Boston 
Harbor, made to the city of Boston and to the State 
Commissioners, the following conclusions may be 
drawn : 

1. That by building a sea-wall from Forepoint 
Channel to Castle Island, so as to inclose the South 
Boston Flats, in a line laid down by the United States' 
Commissioners, and filling up the flats inclosed, a 
great addition will be made to the property of the 
Commonwealth, which is much the largest owner of 
the flats, as well as to that of the owners of the flats 
adjoining the shore. 

2. That this great work will not in the least degree 
injure the harbor, provided suitable compensation be 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 19 

made for the diminution of its tidal reservoirs, by 
deepening flats in other places, and by other measures 
for a similar object. 

3. The work proposed, with compensation as above 
indicated, is likely, indeed, to improve the harbor so 
much, by narrowing the spread of the water and deep- 
ening the main channel, that it ought to be undertaken 
for that single object, even if it brought no pecuniary 
benefit to the State. 

The time seems to have arrived when the State may 
safely decide to make the proposed improvement, 
sure, if properly done, to advance the commercial 
prosperity of the capital by a new frontage of deep 
water, with doclvs to accommodate navigation, and to 
promote the direct pecuniary interests of the Com- 
monwealth by giving value to about twenty-Jive 
milUon feet of flats, which are now ivorthless. 

In my opinion, the erection of the sea-wall, and the 
filling up of the flats belonging to the Common- 
wealth, ought to be executed by the State, and not by 
private individuals or corporations. It ought to be 
done by a power whose first object should be to pro- 
tect and improve the harbor, and next, but in entire 
subservience to the first, to promote the pecuniary 
interests of the Commonwealth. No individual or 
corporation whose object is to make money, ought to 



20 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

be intrusted with such an operation. It should be 
under the care of a permanent Board of State 
Commissioners,* whose first duty should be to 
protect the harbor, and benefit the State, with no 
pecuniary bias to swerve them. 

No estimates have yet been made of the cost of the 
sea-wall, which have any pretensions to accuracy. 
Sixty dollars for each foot of front has been named. 
Neither has any definite plan of compensation for the 
tidal reservoir to be diminished, been yet proposed. 
Although, therefore, the completion of this work is 
of urgent necessity, I can only recommend at the 
present session, that the Legislature authorize obtain- 
ing estimates of the damages, and of the expense of 
building a sea-wall and filling the flats. Under the 

* "It has always boon the wish of the Commission, -which it has urged 
in the form of a recommcnihition upon every State or City Government 
by which it has been employed, that the care of the harbors under con- 
sideration should be assigned to some suitable and responsible persons, 
whose duty it should be to 'resist encroachments, to arrest the abuse of 
privileges, to keep the Government advised of the progress of improve- 
ments, and of the adherence of projectors to the plans which have received 
official approval.' Unless ' there is some controlling, supervisory power, 
with authority to direct constructions in all the tidal harbors of the State,' 
— and unless there be some office of record, where all maps and reports 
relating to these harbors are preserved, from time to time examined, and 
always understood, — very little of the good they might otherwise do, will 
be accomplished. It is therefore with sincere satisfaction, that we have 
seen tlie appointment of the State Commission on Harbors and Flats ; and 
it is our earnest hope that this Commission will constitute a permanent 
body." — Extract from Report of U. S. Harbor Commissioners, viz.: Brig. 
Gen. Totten, Prof. Bache, and Admiral Davis. (See City of Boston 
Doc. No. 33, 18G4.) 



1865.] SENATE-No. 1. 21 

same authority the Commissioners should obtain a 
specific plan of compensation for the tidal reservoir. 
The United States' Commission* have, it is under- 
stood, prepared with the utmost pains such a plan, 
which will be ready for examination during the 
present winter. 

In executing the plans the State Commissioners 
should have authority to purchase or take any flats 
belonging to individuals, necessary to their work. 
This would probably be needful only at the ends 
where the Avail crosses the flats of individuals, near 
the shore. Within the inclosed area there may be 
claims of individuals to damages for injury Jto water 
rights. These the Commissioners should have the 
powder to adjust, either by buying the property, or 
giving compensation in fiats filled up, or leaving 
the damages to adjudication. They should have 
authority, also, to lay out streets over the inclosed 
area. 

The General Government is taking measures to 
protect the islands in the outer harbor, by repairing 
dilapidated sea-walls and erecting additional ones. 
Additional appropriations have been called for from 



* Consisting (since the death of Gen'l Totten) of Professor Bache, 
Superintendent of tlie Coast Survey, Rear-Admiral Davis, of the Navy, 
and Brig. Gen'l Delafield, Chief of the Corps of Engineers, of the Army. 



22 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

Congress, at its present session. But the Board of 
Commissioners which I have suggested, ought to have 
power to expend money for the protection of these 
islands, if the General Government shall neglect it. 



The Defences of our Coast. 

During the past year much has been done for the 
defence of our sea-coast, in the directions which expe- 
rience had indicated as practicable ; but no new 
project for adding to its defences has been attempted 
or devised. The earthworks planned and executed 
by the Federal Government to protect the harbors 
of Newburyport, Salem, Marblehead, Gloucester, 
Plymouth, and Provincetown, have been completed, 
armed, and garrisoned ; Avhile steady progress has 
been made under the supervision of the United States' 
engineer officers in charge, on the permanent works 
at Boston and New Bedford. Some very heavy ord- 
nance has been placed in position in the Boston forts, 
and although the harbor of our capital is by no means 
so completely protected as we could wish, yet its 
defences are much in advance of their condition a year 
ago. It is understood that in some positions additional 
works are proposed by the United States. The usual 
cession of jurisdiction will probably be desired in these 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 23 

cases, and Acts granting it will no doubt be promptly 
passed by the Legislature. 

There remain $645,653.89 to the credit of the 
appropriation placed at the disposal of the Governor 
and Council by the Act of March 30th, 1863. The 
amount spent (1354,346.11) has been applied to the 
purchase of heavy ordnance, at home and abroad, and 
to minor expenses for coast defence, including the cost 
of connecting Forts Independence and Warren with 
the city of Boston by electric telegraph, the cost of the 
plans for harbor obstructions against naval attack, and 
the cost of a piece of land adjacent to the State arsenal 
at Cambridge, which was necessary for the storage of 
the increased supply of arms and munitions of war. 

Under the Resolve of May 12, 1864, for reimbursing 
to cities and towns their expenses incurred in coast 
defences, claims have been presented by the city of 
New Bedford for |19,442.24; by the city of Salem 
for 14,646.93, of which §2,745.83 was spent in the 
construction of Fort Pickering, and $1,901.10 in that 
of Fort Lee ; and by the town of Marblehead for 
12,217.65 spent upon Fort Sewall. The claim of the 
city of Salem has been paid ; the others have not yet 
been presented in form to admit of being audited. 

At the end now of an official experience of four 
years in connection with the defences of our coast,. 



24 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

I am more than ever impressed with the deficiency in 
our means of obtaining a sufficient supply of heavy 
ordnance, and with the conviction that the most 
efficient manner in which any State can contribute to 
our defences, is by helping to remove that deficiency. 
And in this connection I beg to refer, without repeat- 
ing them here, to the views I had the honor to express 
to the last General Court. 

Immediately after the passage of the Act of March 
30, the opinions of many officers of the Federal 
Government experienced in engineering and ordnance, 
w^ere sought and obtained as to the objects -to which 
our money could be best applied.* The opinions 
of all these officers, and of the others who were 
asked for advice, were not expressed officially, but 
with informal frankness which extra-official inter- 



* Among others who were consulted, were the late eminent Chief of the 
Corps of Engineers, General Totten, who, after a career of nearly sixty 
years in our military service, has since died at an age ripe according to the 
usual measure of human life, but at which his vigor and enthusiasm in his 
country's cause were those of the prime of youth ; and also the present 
accomplished chief of that corps, General Delafield, then in charge of the 
defences of the harbor of New York; also the then Chief of the Ordnance 
Bureau of the War Department, General Ripley, himself a citizen of 
Massachusetts, whose military record holds so honorable a place in our 
national history ; and the Quartermaster-General of the Army, General 
Meigs, not less distinguished for his skill as an engineer than for his great 
administrative talent in his present charge. Among the naval officers 
consulted were Admiral Dahlgren and Captain Wise, the former eminent 
for his inventions and improvements in ordnance, then Chief of the Naval 
Ordnance Bureau, now commander of the South Atlantic Blockading 
Squadron, and the latter his successor in charge of that Bureau. 



/"Of 

1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 25 

course justified. Hence it would not be proper to cite 
them here ; and I mention the fact that they were 
obtained, only as evidence of the care with which it 
was sought to make judicious application of the funds 
of the State. The various opinions thus received, 
when combined and compared, reduced themselves to 
the suggestion of three objects as desu'able for the 
application of these funds: 1. The construction of 
a floating steam ram, whose central station should 
be Boston Harbor, 2. The maturing of plans for 
harbor obstructions, so that at the moment of danger 
there might not be conflict of council as to the plan 
to be adopted ; and 3. The procuring of approved 
heavy ordnance for our forts, from whatever sources 
it should be obtainable, in addition to those employed 
by the United States. The first object seemed clearly 
within the especial province of the Navy Department, 
the officers of which Department moreover expressed 
an earnest hope that the State would not enter into 
competition with the General Government by under- 
taking the construction of such a vessel ; so that with 
the highest respect for those by whom this project 
was suggested, it was never seriously entertained by 
us. There w\as no conflict of opinion concerning the 
second object, as harbor obstructions to delay an 
attacking fleet within range of the forts had always 



26 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

formed an integral part of the plan of coast defences, 
from the days when this system of defences for the 
coast of the United States was first devised, and had 
been only rendered more necessary by the introdnction 
of steam and iron-armature in the navies of all maritime 
powers. As to the third object, it was clear that that 
was not only of paramount importance, but an essen- 
tial part of both the others, as neither rams nor harbor 
obstructions would avail, without guns to protect the 
one and arm the other. But how this third object 
should be effected was not so clear. 

The Ordnance Bureau of the War Department 
expressed its readiness and desire to absorb the whole 
product of all the foundries in the country capable of 
casting heavy guns ; and declared that any effort of 
the State to procure guns from these foundries could 
only increase the cost, by competition, without adding 
to the number produced. In view of that fact, three 
courses were proposed as practical for the expenditure 
of our money : — first, in constructing a new gun 
foundry ; second, in rifling and reinforcing with 
wrought-iron or steel rings and jackets a number 
of the old 32-pounders and 42-pounders which the 
United States has on hand ; and third, in purchasing 
heavy ordnance in foreign countries and importing it 
here. 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 27 

The erection of a gun foundry by the State, while 
unadvisable in other respects, could not be expected 
to yield any result for the space of at least two years. 
The reinforcing the old 32- and 42-pounders, though 
undoubtedly a valuable expedient in an emergency, 
would, at best, have given us imperfect guns, not 
certainly capable of seriously damaging an iron-clad 
fleet. 

All the memoranda, official and unofficial, in which 
these various discussions and suggestions were con- 
tained, were by me referred to an informal commission 
of gentlemen who represented, in an eminent degree, 
the various business and professional interests of our 
community. These gentlemen, at my request, made 
a thorough examination of the subject and embodied 
their advice to me thereupon in a report w^hich 
confirmed the opinions I had myself less deliberately 
formed as to the directions in which we should strive 
to apply our money ; and I at once intrusted to two 
further informal commissions the charge of carrying 
this advice into effect. To the gentlemen constituting 
them I desire to make public acknowledgment of 
their disinterested and valuable service. 

Under the direction of the first, consisting of His 
Honor the Mayor of Boston, and of Captain. William 
T. Glidden and Professor E. W. Horsford, a plan for 



28 GOYERXOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

harbor obstructions was devised, and working drawings, 
calculations, specifications and bills of materials, in 
accordance with this plan, having been completed by 
the chief engineer on my staff, Brig. Gen. W. R. Lee, 
are deposited in the State Ordnance Bureau. 

The second, consisting of His Honor the Lieutenant- 
Governor, and John M. Forbes, -Esq., and Colonel 
Harrison Ritchie, has had superintendence of the 
procuring of heavy ordnance. There have been ob- 
tained through the agency of this commission, at home 
and abroad, 72 guns of large calibre, 2,390 projectiles, 
and 25,000 pounds of cannon powder. A detailed 
statement of the purchases made under its direction, 
with the approval of the Governor and Council, and 
of all the expenses incurred under this appropriation, 
has been submitted by the Commission, and will 
be laid before your committee ; but there are reasons 
which render it inexpedient to give publicity to this 
report, at the present moment. 

There has been spent aliroad, for these purchases, 
including all incidental expenses, £40,865, costing 
$263,273.27 ; and at home, $69,791.87. By the gain 
on exchange on funds remitted to England which the 
Commission thought it inexpedient to use, the cost of 
the pound sterling was reduced to $6.44, being much 
less than could have been anticipated. The only 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 2^ 

remamino: liabilities on account of foreis-n ordnance 
will be the freight and shipping charges on certain 
guns paid for and delivered, which are expected to 
arrive very shortly. 

During the present exaggerated rates of exchange, 
and with our past experience of the difficulties of 
obtaining guns abroad, difficulties arising from the 
deficiency even there of material and machinery, 
as well as the competition of continental powers, 
no further purchases abroad are contemplated, and 
there therefore remains to the credit of the fund 
under the Act of March 30th, 1863, an unexpended 
balance of '$6-i5.653.89. Designs for the carriages for 
these guns have been prepared, w^ith complete 
specifications, and these should be at once procured. 
Some smaller matters also remain to be provided 
for, including the claims of New Bedford and Mar- 
blehead for money spent on earth-works. There 
should also be at the command of the Executive a 
sum sufficient to enable him, in case of emergency, 
to carry out the plans for obstructing our chief 
harbors ; but beyond this it is not thought that any 
further sums could be at present spent with advantage 
upon the defences of our coast. 

It is clear ; it is beyond the pale of dispute ; that 
what is needed is a great jSTational Foundry, to be built 



30 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

and conducted at national expense.* I had the honor 
as long ago as 1861, in company with Colonel Amory, 
then Master of Ordnance of this State, to appear 
before the appropriate committee of Congress, to urge 
legislation for the construction of such a foundry. It 
has been urged on Congress by the present Secretary 
of War, as a national duty. And I am ashamed to 
believe that the chief obstacles in the way of such 
legislation are local jealousies as to the place to build 
it. If foreign war shall come, — which Heaven avert ! 



* Obviously no money, unless for special reason, should be devoted to 
building new fortifications, however much needed, for we have not heavy 
guns enough in the country to arm properly the forts already built. We 
come back to the point that what is most needed for coast defence, is 
additional means for making heavy guns at home, and for that purpose two 
objects must be accomplished : first, the building of new gun foundries, 
and second, the building of additional furnaces in the mining districts, to 
produce more gun-metal. The second object will accomplish itself, as soon 
as the first shall be achieved. Once erect the foundries and set them at 
work, and the building of new furnaces will keep pace as a matter of 
course with the increased demand for metal. But experience has proved 
that it is vain to look for the construction by private capitalists of such 
additional foundries as are needed. Such enterprises are of too great 
magnitude for private endeavor, without some guarantee by the Government 
to those who should embark in them, of long-continued orders for Govern- 
ment work sufiicient to justify the investment and risk of so much capital, 
because the Government would be the sole domestic customer. In the 
present transition period of ordnance, when diametrically opposite theories 
of the proper construction of forts and guns and ships of war, are main- 
tained with equal persistency by ofiicers of equal distinction and experience, 
it is impossible for private capitalists to look for such guarantees ; and 
hence, after four years of such strife as the world has rarely seen, during 
every year of which there have been occasions when foreign wars seemed 
imminent, there has not been built in the whole country one single addi- 
tional foundry of any consequence, capable of casting heavy guns. The 
most that has been done, has been to enlarge somewhat foundries already 
built and engaged in that business. 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 31 

— and foreign fleets assail successfully our sea-ports, I 
envy not the consciousness of those who shall then be 
aware that but for their petty spirit such national 
calamity and humiliation might have been averted. 

Provincetown. 
•I had the honor to call attention, in the Annual 
Address of 1862, to the great importance of the 
harbor of Provincetown, and to the importance of the 
appropriate defence of that port. These views received 
due consideration by the Department of War. General 
Totten, at that time the distinguished head of the 
Engineer Bureau, under date of March 8, 1862, replied 
to the in(][uiries of the Military Committee of the 
House of Representatives of the United States, that 
" Provincetown should always be regarded as of the 
first importance and merit ; while, as regards its forti- 
fications, there is now no point of our coast where 
* defences are not yet undertaken, that ought, in this 
respect, to precede it ; " adding, also, that " the time 
for commencing permanent defences has fully arrived 
for this harbor, as an element of our sea-coast defences." 
The harbor of Provincetown is one where whole 
navies may ride at safe anchorage ; one certain to 
be sought after as a haven by hostile fleets, whence 
they would menace our towns, and harass our com- 



32 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

merce, as did the British navy during our last war 
with England. 

In the address alluded to, I mentioned the great 
importance of the construction of a railroad to 
connect this remote and important port speedily 
and certainly Avith the capital and central portions of 
the State ; and I endeavored to show how, without 
such means provided for reinforcing the garrison, 
any fortifications erojcted there might prove to be 
means of danger rather than of defence, by the advan- 
tages they would offer to an enemy, should they fall 
into his hands, — which might easily occur without 
means of such reinforcement, since vessels of war may 
approach the shore at Billingsgate Point in twenty- 
five feet of water, and land a hostile force at East- 
ham or Wellfleet, within a few hours' easy march of 
Provincetown. 

Under the charter which was granted by a former 
legislature, the Cape Cod Central Railroad has been 
commenced, through the towns of Yarmouth, Dennis, 
Harwich and Brewster, to Orleans, a distance of 
eighteen miles. The work upon this road is now 
in rapid progress, and on all the sections along 
the route a considerable part of it has been completed 
by the contractor. This very important road will 
thus be carried by private enterprise, over nearly one- 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 33 

half the distance necessary to connect the harbor and 
fortifications of Provincetown by rail with the military 
posts at this city, and to place them within two or 
three honrs of Xew Bedford and Newport, from which 
troops and supplies of every sort could be expeditiously 
and safely forwarded. It is now affirmed that no 
more can be done at present by private means, 
and I would respectfully suggest for consideration 
by the General Court, the adoption of measures by 
the Commonwealth, as a part of its system of coast 
defences, to promote the immediate extension of the 
road to the extremity of the Cape. 

Ti'oij and Greenfield Railroad and Hoosac Tunnel. 
I have the honor to lay before the General 
Court a copy of the Report of the Commissioners 
upon the Troy and Greenfield Railroad and Hoosac 
Tunnel, setting forth the proceedings of the Com- 
missioners, the methods and agencies adopted by them, 
and the expenditures made in the execution of their 
duties under Chapter 214 of the Acts of 1863, which 
prescribes to the Executive Department and to the 
Commissioners their respective duties and powers in 
relation to this enterprise. It is accompanied by a 
copy of a Report rendered to the Commissioners by 
their Chief Engineer, concerning the progress made 



34 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

upon the Tunnel since its construction was under- 
taken under the immediate auspices of the Common- 
wealth, by resuming work upon it in October, 
1863, and concerning its present condition. The 
expenditure involved by their operations, up to the 
close of the account indicated in the Report of the 
Commissioners on the 15th of November last, was 
$486,943.26. The estimated payments foi November 
and December were about |50,000 per nionth. And 
for the year 1865, the estimated expense of prosecut- 
ing the work upon the Tunnel will be from $25,000 
to $35,000 per month, depending upon the price oi 
labor and materials. A considerable proportion of the 
expense thus far incurred, has been incidental to 
the business of preparing the bui dings, machinery 
and fixtures important for use in the vigorous and 
successful prosecution to its ultimate and earliest 
practicable completion, of the great scheme of piercing 
the Hoosac Mountain by a railway tunnel. The 
present method is one which does not encourage those 
having the work in charge to attempt the exhibition 
of apparent but unreal progress, ojr the study of exhi- 
bitions for effect. And I am confident that everything 
which has been done by the Commissioners and their 
Engineer, has been done in the exercise of their 
deliberate professional judgment, having in view the 



1865.] 


SENATE- 


-No. 1. 






35 


single purpose 


of- making the best and 


surest 


progress 


in the long run 


.. 











The construction of the road lying east of the 
mountain, of which the eastern terminus is in Green- 
field, is not yet resumed. The questions of title 
springing from what is called the " Smith mortgage," 
for the determination of which proceedings were insti- 
tuted by the Attorney-General of the Commonwealth, 
have not yet received judicial solution. I am advised 
that their adjudication may be properly expected 
during the term of the Supreme Judicial Court now in 
progress. Should theu' decision be found in favor of 
the Commonwealth, it is confidently believed that the 
possession under the mortgages made by the Troy 
and Greenfield Raikoad Company to the Common- 
wealth of Massachusetts, at present clouded by the 
" Smith mortgage," will then be clear and exclusive. 
Without additional legislation, or a judicial determina- 
tion setting aside that mortgage as any possible incum- 
brance upon the title of the Commonwealth, I have 
not believed it competent for the Governor and Council 
to approve the renewal by the Commissioners of 
operations upon the last named portion of the Tunnel 
line. 

In view of the probability that the resumption of 
this part of the work will soon become practicable. 



36 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

I deem it proper to invite the General Court to con- 
sider a question of possibly doubtful interpretation of 
the 1st Section of the 214th Chapter of the Acts of 
1863, under which all proceedings must now be had. 
It is in these words : 

" The commissioners appointed under the one hundred and fifty- 
sixth chapter of the acts of eighteen hundred and sixty-two, are 
hereby authorized, subject to the advice and approval of the governor 
and council, to construct, complete and equip the Troy and Green- 
field Railroad and Hoosac Tunnel ; and to make such alterations in 
the line of said road as may he deemed necessary, to render it suitable 
and proper for part of a through line fi'om Troy to Boston ; also 
such alterations in the location and dimensions of said tunnel as will 
render it suitable and proper for use, in accordance with the spirit 
and intent of the two hundred and twenty-sixth chapter of the acts 
of eighteen hundred and fifty-four." 

It has been suggested that the powers and duties 
of the Governor and Council under this Section, 
require them to consider all the various questions 
which concern the general route of the road, from its 
junction with the Vermont and Massachusetts Rail- 
road to its other terminus, with the details of its loca- 
tion, in the same manner as if they constituted a Board 
•of Directors of a Railway Company, and then to direct 
the Commissioners accordingly, as if they were the 
Engineers of the Company. Such, however, is not my 
own construction. I hold that the authority to con- 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 37 

struct, complete and equip, to make alterations in the 
line of the road, and in the location and dimensions 
of the Tunnel, is directly imparted by that Section 
to the Commissioners ; that " the line of said road " 
intended and alluded to, Avas the line as it was under- 
stood to have been already established when this Act 
was passed, and that in the proceedings for the execu- 
tion of the work, the initiative lies with the Commis- 
sioners, and not with the Governor and Council. No 
authority to construct the road, or to do the other 
things enumerated, is given to the Governor and 
Council, nor authority to direct the Commissioners to 
do them. But the authority appears to be granted to 
the Commissioners, limited however by being made 
in its execution " subject to the advice and approval 
of the Governor and Council." This construction is 
inferred to be that intended by the Legislature, from 
other portions of the text of the same chapter, as for 
example, (in Section 4,) ^-Said Commissioners in alter- 
ing the location of the line of said road shall have the 
same power as railroad corporations have in making- 
locations under existing laws." 

I understand the Act to mean that the Commissioners 
are authorized to proceed to the execution of the 
enterprise of constructing the Tunnel and the Road, 
liable however to restraint by the Governor and 



88 GOYERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

Council, to whose advice and consent they are subject. 
So also, I understand that the Commissioners may 
alter the line of the road, being liable however to 
restraint by the Governor and Council, if they should 
not approve a proposed alteration. 

Either the Governor and Council, or else the Com- 
missioners, must be charged with the permanent 
responsibility of taking the initiative in the plan and 
method of the work. To divide this duty between 
them, or to leave it in the alternative, would, I fear, 
consign the enterprise to all the hazards of feebleness, 
uncertainty and anarchy in the councils of its adminis- 
tration. If the interpretation which I have indicated, 
is not that intended by the Legislature, I trust that 
the General Court at its present session will take 
pains to declare the contrary in explicit terms. The 
people of the Commonwealth will then perceive the 
imj)ortance in choosing the Governor and Councillors, 
of making their selection with due reference to the 
specific and peculiar duties thus imposed upon those 
officers. 

Institutions of Public Charity and Correction. 
I shall forbear allusion in detail, to the Institutions 
of Public Charity or Correction, under the care of 
the Commonwealth. They have received the usual 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 39 

visits of inspection during the year by the Governor 
and Council. The Board of State Chanties, organized 
in the autumn of 1863, pursuant to the legislation of 
that year, is expected to present, early in the session, 
an elaborate historical and statistical account and 
description, which I desire not to anticipate. On 
former occasions similar to the present, I have had 
the honor to advocate measures for a more careful and 
systematic survey of this branch of the civil service. 
Both observation and reflection conduced to the opin- 
ion, that the workings of these institutions, the prin- 
ciples which control them, their experience and prog- 
ress, might all be far better understood, their mistakes, 
if any, more easily perceived and remedied, their suc- 
cesses and advantages more completely appreciated. 
What apparently remained was to begin to study the 
whole subject in the light of all our experiments, and 
persistently to continue both the positive and compar- 
ative examination of these institutions, with the intent 
to learn what are the facts and statistics of crime, 
disease, pauperism, imbecility, or other infirmity, 
whether of mind or body ; to learn also the facts 
which illustrate the history of their treatment, and 
the merits and the limitations of the agencies devoted 
to them — their economies, their humanity, their intel- 
ligence, and their progress. In that way might we 



40 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

hope to give coherence and system to the institutions 
themselves, to render the experience of each advan- 
tageous to all, and to accumulate in time facts suffi- 
ciently numerous to form a basis for safe reasoning, 
not alone for the guidance of the Legislature in its 
annual deliberations, but aiding also the philosophers 
of social science and public economy in their general- 
izations, and thus incidentally contributing to the 
common stock of human knowledge. 

I entertain the hope that, by a series of careful, dis- 
passionate and well-methodized reports, devoted to the 
arrangement and presentation of the past and current 
history and statistics to which I have alluded, sought 
after with a single eye to the discovery of truth, and 
promulgated in its interest without prejudice of the- 
ories or pre-occupation, the Board of Charities will 
commend itself to the people, and will fully justify 
the design in which it originated. I am quite far 
from believing that a single report, however complete 
or elaborate, ought to be conclusive. I am quite 
aware that, misconstrued by partiality or preconception, 
there is nothing more delusive than the figures of arith- 
metic, scarcely anything so likely to mislead, as facts 
incontrovertibly true. The fault, however, lies not in 
the figures, nor in the facts. The error flows from that 
hasty and impatient temper of the intellect, which so 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1, 41 

often hurries the mind to a verdict before all the wit- 
nesses have been heard, and from a certain narrowness 
and bigotry of the understanding, which allow its 
whole field of vision to be usurped by an imperfect 
or partial array of incidents and circumstances. While 
I cannot doubt that the process of time will, after the 
methods I have ventured to recommend, evolve sub- 
stantial improvement, both in our theories and in our 
measures, I do not the less freely confess, that the 
truest and surest reform is that which, imitating 
the patience of nature, and of Providence, is content 
to " make haste slowly." 

In this connection it is due to my respect for the 
merits of those officers, to say, that my official relation 
of four consecutive years with the institutions of which 
I have spoken, convinces me that at the present mo- 
ment they are administered and governed with 
a fidelity and intelligence not to be surpassed 
in any department of the public service. Without 
believing that our system and methods are yet per- 
fect. I believe that the staff attached to the penal, 
correctional and charitable institutions of Massachu- 
setts, merits your confidence and encouragement, 
and that it compares favorably with any similar 
body of officers in the world. 

6 



42 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

My attention was early attracted to the presence of 
certain sanitary evils, which appeared incidental to 
those establishments where considerable numbers of 
paupers, including many victims of disease, sometimes 
flagrant and sometimes only incipient, are congregated. 
These evils it has been attempted to diminish, by 
calling in the aid of professional experience and 
skill, as vacancies have occurred in the various Boards 
of Trustees and Inspectors. At present, there is 
not one of these boards which does not contain a 
member fitted by his studies and pursuits to be an 
intelligent inspector of the medical and surgical 
department of the prison, hospital, or almshouse to 
which it pertains. And in addition thereto, I am 
indebted to the courtesy and public spirit of three 
gentlemen of the medical profession, especially fitted 
by their training and practice for that work, who 
have visited, at my request, certain of these estab- 
lishments, with a view to their advice touching 
details by which my own mind had been perplexed. 

I desu'e to make particular allusion to the danger 
and inhumanity attendant on the enforced removal 
of sick persons from the towns where they happen 
to be, to the State Almshouses, involving, oftentimes, 
needless suffering to the individual and, in the case 
of contagious diseases, criminal hazard to the public 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 43 

health. I observe, also, palpable defects m the 
provision made for the care of the sick at the 
Almshouses, while at the same time numerous sick 
persons are sent to them. Persons who need public 
assistance, not because they belong to any perma- 
nently pauper class, but only because they are sick, 
ought, I think, if possible, to be cured in the towns 
where they are. The accident of temporary illness 
happening to industrious and honest poverty, some- 
times makes a temporary pauper. Unless such 
persons can be conveyed to a proper hospital, as for 
example, Rainsford Island, the City Hospital in 
Boston, or the like, for curative treatment, I submit they 
should be cured in the towns where are their homes. 
Why should their recovery be perilled by needless 
transportation to a remote State Almshouse — perhaps 
scattering contagion as they go, and helping to increase 
the tendency to infection, always sufficiently great, in 
such an establishment — there to be treated, where 
the hospital is only an incident to the main design of 
the place, and where their presence tends only to 
diminish the room, while it contaminates the air? 

The institution of the State Almshouses originated 
in the occasion found to exist, to provide for a class 
of vagrant paupers, for whose disposition previous 
laws were thought defective. The existing Alms- 



44 • GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

houses ought to be enough to inckicle all of this class 
for many years to come. The sound policy of the 
Commonwealth must be not to increase State pau- 
perism. Instead of breaking up families, it is for their 
own good, and for the public interest in all cases where 
they ha^e a permanent residence, and especially where 
they are disposed to be industrious, that they should 
enjoy such relief for the time being, at or near their 
homes, as their necessities require. Such relief judi- 
ciously administered, bridges over a momentary distress, 
while under the influence of the other treatment the 
subject often lapses, (particularly in the case of chil- 
dren,) into permanent pauperism. And while the 
Commonwealth is thus called upon unwisely to 
increase her Almshouses, those of the towns are left 
largely unoccupied. 

The last census shows that of the 1,231,066 inhab- 
itants of the Commonwealth, 425,519 were born in 
other States or countries. This fact indicates a large 
and ever increasing class of persons who will never, 
under our present laws, acquire settlements in any city 
or town, but be left, in any emergency of poverty, 
to relief by the Commonwealth alone. And yet 
very large numbers of those, wanting only the 
technical or arbitrary conditions of settlement, are 
really permanent residents and citizens of the places 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 45 

where they abide, have contributed to their growth, 
prosperity, and wealth, by their taxes and their indus- 
try, are sometimes citizens by nativity, and have iiiher- 
ited settlements even within the equity of existing 
laws. 

I am aware that changes in our settlement laws are 
deemed objectionable. Indeed our present law of 
pauper settlement, chap. 69 of the General Statutes, 
enacted in 1859, is identical with the Act of 1793, 
chap. 34, varied by one slight amendment in 
chap. 94 of the Acts of 1821.* Those hiws have 
encountered the criticism of the bar, received the 
interpretation of the bench, and are pretty well under- 
stood by professional experts. Yet, in view of the 
considerations alluded to, I must venture to commend 
to your attention the following, selected from those 
proposed amendments which have been suggested by 
thoughtful and experienced persons : 

* One curious to explore the earlier legislation, will find it in a Ijook of 
sixty-four pages by the late Judge Lcavitt, of which the following is the 
title page : — 

".4 Summary of the Lau's of Massachusetts, relative to the Settlement, 
" Support, EmpJoijraent, and Removal of Paupers. By Jonathan Lcavitt, 
" Esq., Counsellor at Law. 

" We find within our breasts the active principles of humanity, social 
"affection and generous sympathy. Out of this reflection springs a sweet 
"reward for all the labors of benevolence. — Belisarius. 

"Juris proccepta sunt haec : honeste vivere, alterum non laedere, suum 
" cuique tribuere. — Justinian. 

"The poor shall never cease out of the land; therefore I command thee, 
"saying, thou shalt open thine hand wide unto thy brother, to thy poor, 
"and to thy needy in thy land. — Deut. XV. IL" 



46 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

1. That any person having a clearly established 
maternal settlement shall be allowed its privileges, 
vrithout being obliged to prove the want of any paternal 
settlement. Such proof is almost an impossibility, 
unless the father was an alien. It is requked to 
prove a negative, and that proof must extend back 
in many cases through two hundred years. It would 
seem that simple justice should requu-e the town of 
maternal settlement to relieve the pauper, till that 
town can find a paternal settlement for him. This 
simple change to what was once the law, would relieve 
a very worthy class of citizens, by no means inconsid- 
erable in numbers. It would also prevent the separa- 
tion of families. 

2. That the minor children of a widow re-marrying, 
should share the settlement thereby acquired by her 
through the step-father, in cases where they inherit 
none through either parent. 

3. That aliens, having fulfilled all the conditions of 
settlement except the oath of naturalization, should 
enjoy the same privileges in this regard as- the native 
born. The right of settlement appears to have origi- 
nated in the idea that a man, having by his usefulness 
or his industry conferred a certain amount of benefit 
on a community, should be entitled for himself, his 
wife and his posterity, to certain peculiar rights and 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 47 

privileges, in case of any disability. I fail to see why 
any man, who has borne his share of public burdens, 
should be deprived of the rights that accompany them, 
simply because he has omitted an act, which family 
reasons might not permit, or from which he was 
deterred by an instinctive affection for the land of 
his birth and his memories. And still more do I 
fail to see why the innocent children, born perhaps 
on our soil, and reared with our own, should be 
made to suffer for the omission of their father. 
The removal of this disability would sweep away at 
a stroke many of our troubles. The permanent alien 
population would secure settlements, which would 
stimulate to the cheerful payment of taxes, by the 
benefits it holds out to them. 

4. That all soldiers who have served for three 
years during this rebellion, and been honorably dis- 
charged, or who have been killed, wounded or other- 
vvise disabled in the service, shall secure thereby 
a lawful settlement in the towns to the quotas of which 
they have been severally credited. Surely no argu- 
ment is needed here ; for what can be harsher than 
to refuse the poor choice of the place where their 
fixmilies shall become paupers, to the men who have 
hazarded or yielded up their lives to defend the rights, 



48 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

liberties and fortunes of those who have remained at 
home ? 

5. Intentionally omitting the assessment of taxes, 
(which omission sometimes throws upon the State 
many a worthy person, with his posterity for several 
generations,) should not affect his settlement. It 
is for the public good that all persons should pay 
their reasonable taxes. The wilful omission to assess 
taxes lest their payment should fix the payor's settle- 
ment in a given town, while it simply changes the 
possible burden of his support from the town to the 
State, deprives the public treasury of a contribution, 
helps to degrade and demoralize a citizen, while it in 
no sense lightens the real burden of his support. 

6. I ought to add that it seems to myself personally, 
only just and reasonable that the fact of constant 
residence by any person for a certain number of years 
in a particular place (not becoming during that time a 
recipient of public charity) ought to gain for such 
person a settlement, so as to entitle him to pauper 
relief. So also that a child born of parents having 
their home in any given place, should gain a settle- 
ment by the fact of his birth. If any reasons exist 
why such rules would bear inequitably on the towns, 
their operation could be modified by requiring of the 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 49 

Commonwealth to share the expense incident to such 
cases. 

No share of the pauper expenditure which any equi- 
table policy would cast on the Treasury of the Common- 
wealth is intended by these remarks to be avoided. 
It is as easy for the people to pay taxes into one 
treasury as into another. I speak in behalf of interests 
in the main common to all, desiring only that the 
rights and welfare of the people, which ought always 
to be brought to the test of principles, may not be 
subordinated to merely local or temporary expediency. 

Hospitals for Invalided Soldiers. 

In response to an application to the Secretary of 
War, through the Medical Director of the United 
States Army, Department of the East, a commodious 
United States Army General Hospital at Worcester, 
on the site recommended by the State, is now in 
process of erection ; which on its completion will be 
one of the best constructed in the country, accom- 
modating one thousand patients. Another United 
States General Hospital is nearly completed at Read- 
ville ; and ample facilities are thus afforded to our sick 
and wounded. 

An informal recommendation was made to the Sur- 
7 



50 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

geon-General of the United States Army * for the trans- 
fer of sick and wounded Massachusetts soldiers, perma- 
nently disabled, from those Departments most remote 
from the State ; but no formal application has been 
made for individual transfers, except in urgent cases, 
and on due consideration, as such action tends to 
derange the plans of the proper medical authorities, 
who are the best judges of the soldiers' condition 
and of other circumstances over which the State has 
no control. 

I refer you to the report of the Surgeon-General 
of this State for other information connected with this 
subject, and such other matters as are incidental to 
his Department. The full and thorough reports of our 
several Military Agents are also appended to his report. 
I have, from time to time, made such details of 
Special Agents to visit and examine into the condition 
of our troops, as circumstances have required, and 
their reports are on file. 

The delays and difficulties experienced by returned 
soldiers, invalids, widows and children, in obtaining 
from the General Government the moneys due them 

* I gladly avail myself of this occasion to express my thanks to the 
Medical Director of the Department of the East, and the Directors of 
other Military Departments, for their prompt and courteous response to 
all applications of inquiry, and to express my confidence in the eiBciency 
of the Medical Corps of the Army, under the energetic and humane admin- 
istration of the present distinguished head of the Bureau at Washington. 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 51 

by law, are so great that inquii-y should be made 
whether it is not possible in some way to aid and 
expedite these claimants. Many of them are in great 
need, and all of them are entitled to receive the dues 
earned at the sacrifice of blood, and health, and life 
itself, " completely and without any denial ; promptly 
and without delay." 

Associations have been organized, whose object it 
is to assist this class of claimants. But, even with 
such aid, it is found that it requires not less than 
eight months to obtain the settlement of the simplest 
claim. Where there has been any omission of evi- 
dence, or any error in form, months more of delay are 
experienced, so that many of these persons, despair- 
ing of obtaining justice, dispose of their claims for 
trifling sums to meet then* present necessities. 

Some States have already provided for mitigating 
these evils by their own laws. Apparent injustice to 
such claimants operates most unfavorably upon the 
cause of the government in filling the ranks of the 
army, and I earnestly commend the subject to your 
attention. 

Schools. 
In the midst of war, Massachusetts has allowed no 
abatement of her efl"orts to extend the blessings of 



52 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

education to all her youth. In proof of this the 
returns for the school-year 1883-4, made to the office 
of the Secretary of the Board of Education, furnish, 
among others, these gratifying statistics. 

The amount raised by the cities and towns, by volun- 
tary taxation, for the support of the Public Schools, 
(including only wages of teachers, fuel, care of fires 
and school-rooms,) for the school-year 1863-4, was 
$1,536,314.31, against |1,434,015.20 for the school- 
year 1862-3, being an increase, this last year, of 
1102,299.11, and over any previous year,of $35,813.18. 

The aggregate return of expenditures on Public 
Schools alone, (exclusive of the cost of repairing and 
erecting school-houses and of school books,) is $1,679,- 
700.24, being an increase for the year of $112,750.76, 
and over any previous year, of $44,073.95, and being 
an average sum of $6.95 for every person between 
five and fifteen years of age. 

All the towns have raised the sum required by law 
as a condition of receiving a share of the income of 
the State School Fund, ($1.50 per child between five 
and fifteen,) and 286 towns of the 333, (or all but 47 
of the whole number,) have raised twice, or more than 
twice, that amount. 

There was paid for tuition alone, in Academies and 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 63 

Private Schools, $39J:,0T1.09 — an increase for the 
ycarof$57,523.14. 

The amount expended for popular education in 
Massachusetts, exclusive of Collegiate and Professional 
Schools, exceeds three milium dollars annually. 

The satisfaction which these statements naturally 
inspire is somewhat abated, in view of the fact that 
87, or more than one-fourth of the whole number of 
towns, have failed to keep their public schools the 
full term required by law. This, however, is to be 
attributed, not so much to inadequate appropriations, 
as to the unhappy sub-division of these towns into 
small school districts, thereby seriously abridging the 
schools. 

I recommend that $3 instead of f 1.50 raised by 
taxation, for each scholar, be made the condition on 
which its distributive share of the annual income of the 
school fund shall be received by each town. Three 
dollars is less than one-half the average sum now 
raised by the towns, and unless the sum required by 
law is increased, the conditions imposed by law will 
fail of being an influential motive for the future. Nor 
should any district share in the income of the fund, 
which omits to keep its school open six months in 
each year. 



54 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

Notwithstanding the draft for the army upon two 
of the Normal Schools,* and the fact that the enhanced 
cost of living has obliged some to leave, and deterred 
others from entering them, still the number in atten- 
dance has not fallen below the average for several 
years past, and the classes recently entered are unusu- 
ally large. 

The demand for teachers from the graduates of these 
Schools has greatly increased since the war began, 
and is much greater than can be supplied. This is 
owing mainly to two causes : 1. The reduction of the 



* The patriotic record of the schools at Westfield and Bridgewater, to 
which male pupils are admitted, deserves commendation. When the war 
(ibroke out, there were forty male pupils in the school at Westfield. All but 
twelve of this number enlisted at once as volunteers. As many as ten 
others of the recent graduates have also joined the army. About seventy 
per cent, of the males in attendance during the last four years have gone 
to the war. Twelve have lost their lives, either on the battle-field or by 
exposures on the march and in the camp. 

The number of young men connected with the Bridgewater School 
between March, 18G1, and the beginning of the present term, September, 
1864, is 108, of whom thirty-five, or thirty-two per cent., have entered the 
army as volunteers. Thirty-eight have entered the army, of those who 
were members of the school before the war commenced. 

Five hundred of the alumni and students of Harvard College, (nineteen 
per cent, of the whole number living,) have been engaged in the service of 
the country. This number includes some who are now undergraduates, 
and many who left college to enter the army and have never been grad- 
uated. 

Of the alumni of Amherst College, sixty-nine have been in the service, 
with seventy-seven of her undergraduates — a total of one hundred and forty- 
six, being about nine per cent, of the whole number of those wlio have 
graduated from the college or are now connected with it. 

Williams College has sent not less than two hundred of her graduates to 
the field, being about nine per cent, of the whole number, not including 
undergraduates. 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 55 

number of male teachers in the Commonwealth ; and, 
2. The constantly growmg appreciation m the com- 
munity of the superiority of teachers thoroughly trained 
for their work, over those who have not enjoyed the 
advantasres of such trainina:. 



.C3V.0 vyx OC.V..X l.xc..x..^x^. 



LiheraUfj/ is the Economy of States. 

Liberality toward all Institutions of Science and Art 
which develop the mind and foster civilization, is our 
highest interest, and must be our welcome duty. A 
Commonwealth which spends freely, if wisely, in 
unfolding its material resources by artificial improve- 
ments, by cultivating the intellectual capacities of its 
people, by encouraging the ingenious to experiment, 
the aspiring to try their wings, and the studious to 
divine the mysteries of knowledge, must, of necessity, 
be prosperous and great. In such things, to be mean 
is to be poor, to be generous is to become rich. 

That which is only economy when applied to an 
individual^ whose enterprise must be bounded by the 
opportunities of a single lifetime and a limited fortune, 
becomes narrow and short-sighted when applied to 
States having all the combined opportunities and 
powers of millions of people, of all theu* possessions, 
and of unlimited duration of time. 



56 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

The Agricultural College. 

The progress made toward establishing the College 
of Agriculture will be exhibited in the Annual Report 
of its Trustees, soon to be presented, to which I invoke 
the attention of the General Court. Preliminary 
measures have been adopted for the location of the 
College in the town of Amherst, — including the 
decision of the Trustees selecting that place, and the 
approval of the Governor and Council, followed by 
the purchase by the Trustees of a considerable 
quantity of eligible and fertile land, destined for the 
site of its buildings and operations. 

Although overruled by the better judgment of the 
Legislature as to the views which I had the honor to 
present at length in the Annual Address of 1863, and 
although I remain more fully convinced than ever, 
after the reflection of two intervenino- vears, of their 
substantial soundness, I have felt it to be my official 
duty cordially to co-operate in endeavoring to give 
vitality and efficient action to the college under the 
auspices determined by the law of its creation. Of 
all the places offered and possible under the charter, 
the place selected by the Trustees seemed justly to be 
preferred, having in view all the relative advantages 
of each. 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 57 

My own idea of a college likely to be useful in 
the largest way to the people, most vigorous in its 
growth, promotive of the progress of thrifty and intel- 
ligent farming, productive of scientific and exact 
knowledge (which is the true basis of prosperity,) 
worthy of Massachusetts, and able to command the 
respect while it challenges the pride of her agricul- 
tural community — is one perhaps not yet to be 
realized. But I beg to commend the subject of 
Agricultural Education, and the patronage of this 
institution of the State, to your liberality. I should 
deeply regret to see an institution which bears the 
name of Massachusetts, and will be held to be 
representative of the Commonwealth, especially of 
the highest aspirations of her yeomanry, allowed, 
for want of generous support, to degenerate into 
a mere industrial school. There are a hundred 
farmers who can teach technical farming, the manip- 
ulations of the industry and economy of the field, 
orchard, dairy, or stable, on their own homesteads 
better than they can ever be taught elsewhere. So 
too, for the distribution or repetition of familiar 
knowledge, for the study of the ordinary text-books, 
the cultivation of science in the way of imitation and 
of elementary teaching, we might even very safely rely 

8 



58 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

on the academies and schools ah'eady provided. 
There is, however, a vision of an ideal excellence 
in the way of prosecutmg the studies needed for 
the illumination of the dark places of our agricul- 
tural life, which must some day be realized. Nature 
spreads out before mankind a world of almost infinite 
possibilities. The competitions of the mechanic arts 
have put in requisition all the aids of known science, 
are constantly stimulatmg into life new discoveries, or 
croAvding the adventurous thinker and inventor to 
invade some new domain of knowledge or ingenuity ; 
while civilized agriculture has, during the greater part 
of its history, contented itself with the devastation of 
its fields, and with seeking for virgin soils, to be 
cropped in their turn to sterility. There is in our 
Commonwealth a very large and increasing body of 
intelligent farmers, who believe in a future for their 
favorite pursuit worthy of that art which is the foun- 
tain of all others and is the final source of wealth. 
But there is needed, as well for them as for those 
less impressed by the value of science, the inspiring 
lead of constantly advancing ideas. There is needed 
for all, for the future glory, power and happiness of 
our Commonwealth, the purpose to actualize, in this 
most practical and yet poetical and beautiful of the 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 59 

domains of useful life, an ideal excellence — the con- 
ceptions of the profoundest thought. 

When the Commonwealth touches such a subject, 
she ought to feel herself to be like the priestess, 
advancing to handle the sacred symbols, and on holy 
ground. She should remember her own dignity, the 
immortality always possible to States, the error of 
which she is the promoter hereafter, if she commits 
herself to error now, the boundless scope of her good 
influence, the milhons of men on whom her influence 
may be made to tell through all the amplitudes of 
space and time. When I contemplate such a subject, 
the reason is content to yield to the imagination. I 
remember the photograph, the magnetic telegraph, 
the discovery of vaccination, the painless operations 
of surgeiy, — the triumphs, the miracles of genius. I 
seem to see, for the Earth herself and her cultivators, 
the coming time, when Husbandry, attended by all 
the ministries of science and art, shall illumine and 
rejuvenate her countenance, and re-create our life 
below. 

Institute of Technology. 

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, to 
which the legislation of 1863 assigned one-third of 
the Agricultural College fund, is making satisfactory 



60 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

progress. Its meetings as a Society of Art are 
well attended, and by affording frequent opportu- 
nities for communications and discussions relating 
to the practical arts and sciences, are helping 
to guide and stimulate their investigation. 

Through its Committee of Instruction the Institute 
has framed a programme for its School of Industrial 
Science, having in view two classes of pupils, those 
who frequent the lectures and School of Design for 
such useful knowledge as they can acquire without 
methodical study and in hours unoccupied by business, 
and those who aim at a progressive and systematic 
training in one or more branches of applied science, 
the latter head comprising a full course of the study 
and practice required for the professions of the 
Mechanical, Civil and Topographical Engineer, the 
Builder and Architect, the Industrial Chemist and 
the Engineer of Mines. 

It is proposed to begin some of these courses 
during the present winter in the rooms of the Institute 
on Summer Street, there to continue until the edifice 
on the Back Bay, especially intended for the School 
of Industrial Science, shall be ready for them. 
This building is so far advanced that it may be 
expected to be occupied early next winter. Look- 
ing to the importance of early carrying out the entire 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 61 

plan of the School of the Institute, and of providing 
also for a second building to accommodate the 
Museum of Industrial Arts, it is satisfactory to know 
that the liberality already shown to the Institute by 
its friends continues actively regardful of its interests, 
and that the generous donor to whom it has hereto- 
fore been so pre-eminently indebted for assistance, has 
recently offered a further large contribution on condi- 
tions which will double the amount, and which are 
now in process of being fulfilled. 

Natural History. 
The Boston Society of Natural Plistory has 
removed its collections to the new building on 
the land granted by thi Commonwealth on the 
Back Bay, where its Museum, open to the public 
on stated days, attracts a large and increasing 
number of visitors, including many who frequent it 
for special and systematic study. The important 
additions to the Museum and library, and the zeal of 
its scientific meetmgs, since the opening of the new 
building in June last, give assurance of the benefits 
M-hich its enlarged means of usefulness will enable 
it to confer on the science and education of the 
Commonwealth. 



62 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

This Commonwealth was among the first to show its 
appreciation of the practical bearings of scientific 
inquiry, by providing for geological, botanical and 
zoological surveys. The Reports which were the 
fruits of these surveys have not only been widely 
recognized as important contributions to knowledge, 
but have furnished an example and an incentive 
to similar explorations in other parts of the United 
States. 

The report of Mr. Emerson on the Trees of Massa- 
chusetts has been once reprinted, and that of Dr. 
Harris on the Insects Injurious to Vegetation has 
been brought out in a third edition, enriched with 
additions and illustrations. Belonging to the same 
series is the Report on the Invertebrate Animals of 
Massachusetts, prepared by Dr. A. A. Gould, and 
published by the Commonwealth in 1841. This 
volume, notwithstanding the unavoidable incomplete- 
ness of a first report, has been so much demanded 
abroad, as well as at home, that it has been 
for many years out of print. Its author, during 
the long interval since its publication, has been 
constantly perfecting it by his observations and collec- 
tions, and has completed the work of its revision. 
If the Commonwealth will reprint the Report in its 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. . 63 

improved form, requiring a sum not exceeding $4,000, 
he will freely contribute the labor of superintending 
the publication, as well as that already devoted to its 
preparation. Considering its value as a further con- 
tribution to our knowledge of the natural history and 
resources of Massachusetts, and as a useful fund for 
exchanges with other States and countries which 
contribute to the State Library ; and bearing in mind 
that these results of more than twenty years of 
investigation, which are so liberally oifered to the 
Commonwealth, are the work of an eminent natu- 
ralist specially devoting himself to this object, and 
which, if lost, could not be replaced, I have no hesi- 
tation in recommending that this moderate provision 
be made. 

Museum of Zoology. 

The collections in every department of natural his- 
tory arc increasing so fast at the Museum of Compara- 
tive Zoology in Cambridge, that an extension of the 
building has become a necessity. Notwithstanding 
all obstacles, however, the large amount of dupli- 
cates lately made available for exchanges has 
begun to be distributed throughout the civilized 
world, and the returns received for these invoiceis 



64 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

are daily adding to the value of its collections. 
This extensive system of exchanges tends to give a 
national importance to the Museum, inasmuch as it 
represents the range of its transactions and the spirit 
in which its investigations are conducted. 

The Museum is not intended merely as a great 
show of specimens in natural history ; it is, and has 
been from the beginning, an educational institution. 
Beside the regular courses of lectures in zoology and 
geology, connected with the Lawrence Scientific School 
and delivered in the Museum, additional courses on 
special branches of zoology are now given by the 
assistants and by the Curator, who has of late added 
to his usual courses one upon the natural history of 
the domesticated animals, especially addressed to the 
farmers of the neighborhood. His chief object in 
this course has been to establish a relation, long 
considered most desirable, between the practical 
agriculturist and the man of science. Occupied with 
the same objects, though from very different points 
of view, they should work hand in hand, and while 
the theoretical knowledge of the naturalist may help 
the farmer to better and surer results, the latter, by 
conducting the daily experiments of the farm upon 
philosophical principles, may aid in solving some of 
the most important problems engaging the attention 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 65 

of the scientific world. Another University course,* 
also by the Curator, which has now been continued 
at the Museum during three terms, is especially 
addressed to the more advanced students of the msti- 
tution, with the purpose of showing, not so much 
what has been done, as what remains to do in zoology. 
The fundamental principles of the science are here 
discussed, and the subjects requu'ing further investiga- 
tion indicated. 

The appointment by several of the most prominent 
kindred institutions, of pupils from this school, as 
curators or professors, is strong proof of its progress 
and reputation. 

State Census and Industrial Statistics. 
It is required by chapter 20 of the General Statutes, 
that " a census of the inhabitants, ratable polls and 
voters " of the Commonwealth, " as they were on the 
first day of May of the same year, shall be taken and 
returned to the office of the Secretary of the Common- 

* Whenever practicable, this course has been connected with some 
problem of scientific inquiry now under consideration ; unfinished investi- 
gations being purposely selected, in order that from lecture to lecture, the 
progress made during the intervening period, and tlie means emi)loyed by 
those engaged in this work, might be distinctly shown, with a view of 
combining the special instruction in natural history with an analysis of the 
mental process and a practical lesson in methods of study ; thus opening 
the way for the rising generation in this department of science, by pointing 
out its desiderata, while, at the same time, its immediate application to the 
practical purposes of life is constantly kept in view. 

9 



66 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

wealth on or before the last day of June " decennially. 
An e*aumeration was made in the year 1855, and the 
returns embraced not only the particular schedules 
required by the statute, but also the name of each 
inhabitant, thus giving a more complete census than 
had ever before been taken under authority of the 
State. 

By the laws of 1855, chapter 467, statistical infor- 
mation was also obtained of the several branches of 
industry in the Commonwealth, as they existed on the 
first day of June of that year in each city and town. 
It is very desirable that similar returns should be made 
in connection with the census of this year, so that some 
just estimate may be formed of the increase in our 
material resources, and the ability of our people to 
meet the demands of the increased expenditures and 
taxation incident to the war. 

I commend this subject to the early attention of the 
Legislature, in order that the necessary preparation 
may be made for distributing the proper blanks, and 
issuing instructions to the officers charged with col- 
lecting the statistics. It would be desirable that the 
schedules for these statistics should embrace the 
points of inquiry made by the Federal Government, 
in order that comparisons may be instituted with the 
similar statistics of the Federal census of 1860. They 



18(35.] SENATE— No, 1. 67 

can also include the inquiries framed by our own 
survey of 1855, and thus render possible a like 
comparison. 

I desire to call attention to the excess of women 
in Massachusetts, and to the surplus of men in 
Oregon, California and other remote Western 
communities. The facility with which young men 
migrate, the attractions and opportunities for them of 
new States ; the obvious embarrassments to the migra- 
tion of young women, the attractions of home, 
wherever it is, to the heart of woman, and her natural 
dependence, combine to create this inequality in the 
distribution of the sexes. In Oregon, having 52,160 
inhabitants, according to the census of 1860, there 
were 19,961 males over fifteen years old, and only 
9,878 females above that age. Its population is now 
estimated at over 100,000 — this disproportion yet 
remaining. In Massachusetts there were 257,833 
males between the ages of fifteen and forty, and 
287,009 females, or a surplus of 29,166. The excess 
of women of all ages above fifteen years, was 38,816. 
The absorption of men by the military and naval 
ser"\ ice during the intervening four years has aggra- 
vated this disproportion. And it is a disastrous one : 
it disorders the market for labor ; it reduces w^omen 
and men to an unnatural competition for employments 



68 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

fitted for men alone, tends to increase the number 
both of men unable to maintain families, and of women 
who must maintain themselves unaided. In civilized, 
refined society, it is the office and duty of man to 
protect woman, to furnish her a sphere, a support, a 
home. In return, she comforts, refines and adorns 
domestic life, the family, and the range of social 
influences. This is also the plainly providential order. 
Where women are driven to the competitions of the 
market with men, or where men are left unsolaced 
and unrefined by the presence of women, society is 
alike weakened and demoralized. 

I know of no more useful object to which the 
Commonwealth can lend its aid than that of a move- 
ment adapted in a practical way to open the door of 
emigration to young women who are wanted for 
teachers, and for every other appropriate as well as 
domestic employment in the remote West, but who 
are leadiuf? anxious and aimless lives in New England. 

Soldiers Vote. 
A proposition to amend the Constitution of Massa- 
chusetts, empowering the Legislature to provide a way 
to collect the votes of those citizens absent from home 
in the service of the country in time of war, passed 
the General Court at its last session. I recommend 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 60 

its early adoption by this General Court, and that a 
day be fixed for its ratification by the people, suffi- 
ciently early to enable our soldiers to vote at the 
next autumnal election. 

The Corporation Tax Act. 
The Act called the Corporation Tax Act, (Acts 
of 1864, chap. 208,) has been in operation during 
the past year, and enough is already known to 
warrant the belief of its soundness in principle • 
and in its general features. It would be desi- 
rable that a similar law should be adopted by the 
several States, with a correlative provision, similar 
to that of Connecticut, namely, that " it shall not 
be necessary to include in the list of any person 
taxable in any city or town any property situated 
out of the Commonwealth, when it can be made 
satisfactorily to appear to the assessor or assessors 
that the same is fully assessed and taxed in 
the State where such property is situated, to the same 
extent as is other like property, owned by citizens of 
such State." This would tend to secure the taxation 
of all corporate property somewhere, to prevent the 
stock of non-residents being taxed twice, when it 
should only be taxed like other property and by 
that Government within whose jurisdiction it exists 



70 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

and by whicli it is protected. The particulars of 
the operation of the Corporation Tax Act will be 
given in the report of the Commissioners charged 
with its execution. 

I had hoped to declare the aggregate valuation of 
the Commonwealth in this Address, as ascertained by 
the Committee of Valuation. But, although it has 
pursued diligently its labors, the unavoidable delay 
incident to executing this Act for the first time, has 
prevented the materials therefor from coming into the 
hands of the Committee in season to complete the 
work. I recommend that this General Court shall, if 
need be, provide by Resolve for the further continu- 
ance of the powers of the Committee and for the 
equitable compensation of its members. 

In former annual addresses I have recommended the 
Abolition of the Penalty of Death, also an important 
change in The Law of Marriage and Divorce, a 
substantial modification of The Usury Laws, and also 
the establishment of an Institution for The Curative 
Treatment of Inebriates. Without repeating what I 
have heretofore had the honor to pronounce, I respect- 
fully ask your recurrence to my printed addresses to 
former Legislatures. The views there expressed did 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 71 

not fail to receive such support from those to whom 
they were immediately addi'essed, as to encourage the 
belief that time and discussion alone are wanting to 
their ultimate adoption. I believe they express the 
conclusions of the best modern thinkers. 

The Militia. 

Immediately after the adjournment of the last 
Legislature, steps were taken for the reorganiz- 
ation of the militia under the Act of May 11, 1864. 
By General Order No. 22, of the 23d of June, 
the different commanding officers were directed 
to make returns of the condition of their several 
commands; and by General Order No. 32, of the 20th 
of August, issued as soon as these returns had been 
received and examined, those of the existing com- 
panies and regiments which presented evidence of 
ability to conform to the requirements of the new law, 
were designated and continued in being, under the 
power conferred upon the commander-in-chief by that 
law ; and all other organizations were disbanded. 

There are at this moment twenty-three unattached 
companies of infantry, six companies of cavalry, two 
companies of light artillery, and two companies of 
cadets, fully organized. Of these, fifteen companies 
of infantry, two of cavalry, and one of light artillery, 



72 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

have been organized during the past year, exckisive of 
those specially raised to fill up the regiments of one 
hundred days men. 

The 3d, 5th, 6th, 8th, 42d, and 60th Regiments of 
Infantry of the Volunteer Militia, which volunteered 
for one hundred days' duty, and were recently mustered 
out of the United States' service, have also been main- 
tained and continued, to afford them proper time to 
recruit and prove their ability to maintain themselves 
in conformity with the requirements of the new law. 
I am assured that at least four of these regiments will 
be able to do this, and have little doubt that by 
adding to them, in place of companies specially raised 
for their late duty and which may now disband, such 
of the unattached companies as are situated within the 
districts included in these regiments, these various 
organizations which have won so enviable a fame, 
may be strengthened and made thoroughly efficient. 

I shall at an early day transmit for the use of the 
General Court, a Report made by Colonel Harrison 
Ritchie, my senior aide-de-camp, on the progress 
thus far made toward the .general organization 
of the militia under the Act of 1864. To this 
report, prepared with the utmost care and com- 
pleteness, I shall refer the Legislature for infor- 
mation on this important subject, adding only at 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 73 

this moment, that the preliminary division of the State 
into company-districts, as therein recommended, 
has been adopted and promulgated in General Order 
No. 49, of December 7, 1864, and orders for the 
first elections of captains of companies in those dis- 
tricts issued. 

The labor and detail involved in re-establishing the 
militia on a footing at once constitutional and efficient, 
were not to be estimated in advance, and I trust that 
the legislation of last year will be left undisturbed by 
change until the organization thereby established shall 
have been perfected. Radical and important changes 
will invalidate what has been already done, and would 
postpone again for a year a final organization which 
is now in progress toward a successful completion ; 
whereas, any alterations required in the present law 
will be more clearly seen when the system established 
by it shall have been put into full operation. 

I will not here repeat the views which I have had 
the honor to submit heretofore on different occasions 
to the General Court, upon the great importance of a 
more general introduction of elementary military 
instruction into our system of public education, and 
of the establishment of an academy particularly devoted 
to the higher branches of this and its allied services. 
They will be found in my address to the Legislature of 

10 



74 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

] 862, and the report by Col. Eitchie accompanying it 
on this subject, and more at length in my address to 
the Legislature of last year, with the able report of 
the commissioners concerning the establishment of a 
military academy, appointed under Chapter 73 of the 
Hesolves of 1863, as also in the reports by an informal 
commission, and by James Freeman Clarke, to be 
found in Senate Documents, Nos. 12 and 61 of 1864. 
I recommend the subject to the consideration of 
the Legislature, merely stating that while the success 
of the experiment of military training in those public 
schools in which it has been tried, has confirmed 
my views of its feasibility, the experience of the past 
year has also strengthened my conviction of its impor- 
tance and of the benefits to be derived from it. 

Hecruiting in the Rebel States. 

By an Act of Congress, passed the 4th day of 
July, 1864, it is enacted that it shall be lawful for the 
Executive of any of the loyal States to send recruiting 
agents into any of the States declared to be in rebel- 
lion, except Arkansas, Tennessee, and Louisiana, to 
recruit volunteers who shall be credited to the State 
which may procure the enlistment, and to the 
respective sub-divisions thereof. 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 75 

Pursuant to this law, the Secretary of "War provided 
by General Order No. 227 of the series of 186 J:, for 
the inspection and muster-in of the recruits, and for 
the proper regulation of enlistments ; establishing at 
leading convenient points camps of rendezvous where 
recruits may be delivered, mustered, and distributed. 

For the purpose of securing the prompt, economical, 
and just execution of the law and order aforesaid, 
in harmony with the military authorities of the United 
States, and of avoiding competition between towns to 
the injury of them all, as well as of securing the 
largest practicable number of recruits for the common 
and equitable benefit of such cities, wards, and towns 
as may co-operate with the Government of the Com- 
monwealth in obtaining them, an order (No. 27 of 
the series of 1864,) was promulgated from the Com- 
monwealth Head-quarters, under which the work has 
proceeded with satisfactory success. It has been 
conducted under the able direction of the Provost- 
Marshal-General of the Commonwealth, (Colonel 
Joseph ]M. Day,) with the advice of a Board of 
Recruitment, selected from among gentlemen of 
experience and of known devotion to the public 
welfare, representing different portions of the 
State. It has been our aim to conduct this 
recruitment in a spii'it of implicit obedience to the 



76 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

Act of Congress, and of exact conformity to the 
order of the War Department above alluded to, 
having in view primarily the fundamental purpose of 
increasing the army by the enlistment of able-bodied 
colored men. The bounties provided by the Legisla- 
ture of Massachusetts are required to be paid to the 
recruits themselves after their muster-in to the credit 
of the Commonwealth. The expenses of carrying on 
the work are paid out of the moneys furnished by the 
municipalities, for whose common benefit the recruits 
obtained are distributed. The economy of the method 
adopted is amply vindicated. The whole expenditure 
of every description, including that of the Provost- 
MarshaFs Bureau at home, and of assistants, of pay- 
masters, and all other agents, falls considerably below 
the average sum of $125, deposited by the towns for 
each recruit. The brief experience we have had since 
the Act of July went into operation, tends to confirm 
the views I had the honor to express, in advance, in 
the last Annual Address. And although the recruit- 
ment of persons in the rebel States, especially within 
the lines of military operations, otherwise than through 
the agents and by the methods heretofore used in the 
army, has not met the favor of most Commanding 
Generals, yet I am of the opinion that their objections 
originated mainly in their apprehensions that the 



18G5.] SENATE— No. 1. 77 

agents of the States would, by reckless competition, 
by infraction of just military rules, and by subordinat- 
ing the common good to the selfish purpose of swelhng 
the number of their credited recruits, be found at least 
dangerous, if not injurious. I am glad to declare that 
our own oiRcers have creditably sustained themselves, 
under the difficult circumstances of their positions, 
have avoided collisions with those of the army, and 
have apparently conducted with fidelity alike to the 
Commonwealth and the Union, and with honesty 
toward all persons. 

Naval Credits. 
Until the passage of a Resolution of Congress, on 
February 24, 1864, relative to the transfer of 
persons from Military Service to the Naval Service, 
no credits in making requisitions for Volunteers in 
the Army, nor in conducting the draft, were given 
for men who had enlisted into the Navy, whether 
as seamen or marines. That resolution directed 
enlistments into the Naval Service to be credited to 
the appropriate districts, under regulations to be 
prescribed by the Secretary of War and the Secretary 
of the Navy. This legislation was the beginning 
of tardy justice to those communities whose people 
had contributed largely to the Navy, and thus weak- 



78 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

ened their ability to respond to the exactions for the 
Array, without securing to themselves any corres- 
ponding immunity from draft. I had endeavored 
previously to do what I could in behalf of the 
people of Massachusetts, to claim that thek services 
rendered upon the ocean not less than upon the 
land, should receive, by amendment of the National 
legislation, the credit alike due to an equitable 
adjustment of public burthens, and to the patriotic 
fame of the Commonwealth. Under the resolution 
of the 24th of February, those men who were after- 
w^ards enlisted in the Navy, were at last duly cred- 
ited. But it was not until the 4th of July that full 
justice was obtained. 

By an Act of the present Congress of the United 
States, Chap. 237, approved July 4, 1864, it is 
provided in Section 8, that " all persons in the naval 
service of the United States, who have entered said 
service during the present rebellion, who have not been 
credited to the quota of any town, district, ward or 
State, by reason of their being in said service and not 
enrolled prior to February twenty-fourth, eighteen 
hundred and sixty-four, shall be enrolled and credited 
to the quota of the town,* w^ard, district or State in 
which they respectively reside, upon satisfactory proof 
of their residence made to the Secretary of War." 



18G5.] SENATE— No. 1. 79 

The Secretary of War appointed the Governor of 
Massachusetts and the Hon. John H. Clifford, a Com- 
mission to ascertam what credits this State and its 
several sub-divisions were entitled to under this law. 
The letter of appointment, dated July 7, 1864, 
says : " In determining this question, the Secretary 
thinks it will be fair to presume that the State in 
which the enlistments have been made, is entitled to 
the credit of those enlistments unless it shall appear 
by more direct evidence that the credits belong 
elsewhere. The point of law to be observed in 
applying the Act quoted, will readily be perceived by 
the Commission." 

The Commission thus constituted entered immedi- 
ately upon the discharge of its duties. Copies were 
first obtained of the records of naval enlistments kept 
at the Charlestown Navy Yard ; and on the 21st 
of July, a circular was sent to the jNIayor of 
each city and the Chairman of the Selectmen of 
each town, giving notice to the municipal author- 
ities to return to Major William Rogers, Assistant 
Adjutant-General, on or before the 10th day of August, 
lists, under oath, certifying the names of all persons 
residing within their respective municipalities who 
had entered the naval service of the United States 
during the rebellion, and who had not been credited 



80 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

to the quota of any town, district or ward, by reason 
of their being in said service and not enrolled prior 
to February 24th, 1864 ; and these lists were requu-ed 
to distinguish, as far as possible, the men belonging 
to each sub-district. The returns, in reply to this 
circular, were generally made with promptness. As 
they were received, they were copied in alphabetical 
order ; and all the records of persons found to have 
enlisted in Massachusetts into the Naval Service 
during the war, were embodied in eighteen books, 
containing in all, 22,360 names. The whole work 
was required to be completed and a report thereon 
made to the Acting Provost-Marshal-General of the 
United States for Massachusetts, on the 5th day of 
September. The number of clerks was therefore 
increased so as to employ about twenty-five men 
during the day and an equal number during the night. 

The rules adopted by the Commissioners for 
crediting, were: 1. To credit only those who had 
joined the service subsequently to the rebellion. 
2. To credit only those who had joined the service 
at some rendezvous in the State. 3. To credit to 
the State at large, men whose residence could not 
be clearly settled. 

The Commission was governed by the rules which 
obtain in giving credits for enlistments in the army ; 



1865.] 



SENATE— No. 1. 



81 



the enlistment of one man for three years was counted 
as an unit, and all credits, whether for one, two, three 
or four years, made to conform thereto. This was 
pursuant to the 3d section of the Act of July 1, 1864, 
(Chap. 201,) which requires " that all enlistments into 
the naval service or marine corps during the present 
war, shall be credited to the appropriate township, 
precinct or district, in the same manner as enlistments 
for the army." 

On September 5, a Report was furnished, complete 
in everything but the distribution of the surplus 
remaining to the credit of the State at large, which 
was divided pro rata among the different cities and 
towns. The final Report was rendered on September 
10. I present a tabular recapitulation of these 
Reports.* 

Duplicate copies were then prepared of the dis- 
tribution of credits to the cities and towns. These 





* NAVAL CREDITS.— SUMBEK 
OF MEN- 


One year. 


Two years. 


Three years. 


Reduced to 
three years. 


Assigned to Cities and Towns, 
To State at large, 


3,119 

4,113 


1,858 

881 


6,742 
5,647 


9,020J 
7,605J 


Totals, .... 


7,232 


2,739 


12,389 


16,625| 


Total number of men, 




• 


• 


22,360 



II 



82 GOYERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

were completed on September 30, which ended the 
duties of the Naval Commission. 



Material Support of the Union hy Massachusetts. 

The number of men which, according to the compu- 
tation of the War Department, the Government of the 
United States has called upon Massachusetts to fur- 
nish to the military service, during the rebellion, 
is 117,624. The requisitions thus assumed to 
have been made, although, as stated in my 
Annual Address of last year, those of 1861 were 
p)ro forma only, and were never made in fact, and 
although I was, during that period, urging upon the 
acceptance of the General Government troops beyond 
the number it was then willing to receive, are reckoned 
as follows : — 

Call of 1861, p-o/orwa, 34,868 

Callof July 2, 1862, 19,080 

Call of August, 1862, 19,080 militia for 9 months, reduced 

to 3 years' standard, 4,770 

Callof February 1, 1864, for 500,000, . . . .' 26,597 

Call of March 14, 1864, for 200,000, ... . . 10,639 

Callof July 18, 1864, for 500,000, 21,670 

117,624 

The number actually furnished by Massachusetts, 
to the army and navy, up to the 22d day of 
December 1864, (reckoning the nine months men 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 83 

at only one-fourth of their actual number, and thus 
reducing 16,685 of this denomination to the value of 
4,171 three years volunteers, and reducing the number 
enlisted into the navy, to the same term of three 
years,) was 125,437; making a surplus over all calls ^ 
of seven thousand eight hundred and thirteen, (7,813.) 

The number of men credited to Massachusetts up 
to October 17, 1863, reckoned as individuals, was 
75.608, but reduced to the standard of three years' 
enlistments, was 58,895. I recited the details of 
these to the last General Court, and an abstract of 
them is included in an Appendix (C) to this Address. 
In the same Appendix is contained a detailed state- 
ment of the number of men, (66,542,) since then 
credited to Massachusetts. 

It will be seen from that statement that this Com- 
monwealth has contributed to the Army alone, during 
the last year,- nine new regiments, one battalion, three 
batteries and eight companies, amounting to 10,900 
men; beside recruits, re-enlisted men, veteran-reserves, 
men enlisted in the regular army, conscripts and 
substitutes, amounting to 34,546 more ; or 45,446 
in all. 

In addition, Massachusetts has furnished during 
the year 1864, 1,209 men for ninety days', and 
5,461 men for one hundred days' military service, who 



84 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

are not credited to the quota of the State hy the General 
Government. Tabular statements of these are pre- 
sented in the Appendix, marked E and F. 

The foregoing statement of 125,437 credited to 
Massachusetts, is far from giving our whole number 
of soldiers. Beside the omission of those who volun- 
teered for three months, and for ninety or one hundred 
day«j there has been a reduction made of nine months' 
men to three years' men, and a reduction of seamen 
who enlisted for one or two years, to the equivalent 
of three years' service. The actual number of men 
furnished by the Commonwealth, as shown by the 
statement in the Appendix, marked G, is 153,486. 

The proportional contribution of Massachusetts 
to the war, will appear in a still stronger light, when 
compared with the number enrolled in the militia of 
the State for the year 1864, which is as follows: 

Number between ages of 18 and 45, enrolled by Assessors, 151,929 
Number between ages of 18 and 45, returned by Assess- 
ors as liable to do duty, ...... 133,767 

Number between ages of 18 and 24, returned by Assessors, 23,873 

By this statement — without allowing for the number 
of re-enlistments, which it is impossible exactly to 
reckon, — it appears that Massachusetts has sent 
more men into the service than are now to be found 



1865.J SENATE— No. 1. 85 

in the State between the ages of 18 and 45 ; and 
20,000 more than there are now in the State liable 
to do military duty. 

I have received official notice from the Acting 
Assistant Provost-Marshal-General, that, under the 
last requisition of the President for 300,000 men, 
dated December 19, 1864, the number to be fur- 
nished by Massachusetts is 805 ; the amount of the 
credits heretofore allowed to this Commonwealth, 
above all previous calls, having been so largely m 
advance as to leave but a small portion of that con- 
tingent to be raised here, and even this small balance 
is left only in consequence of reducing the number 
of one and two years' men by division, to the equiva- 
lent of three years' men. Of this portion, 271 are to 
be raised in the 8th Congressional District, and 534 
in the 9th. There could be no better or more 
emphatic evidence than this, of the degree to which 
Massachusetts has kept up her recruitment for the 
service of the country. If the quota of the State, 
under the President's calls, were considered as a unit, 
there would be no requisition whatever on Massachu- 
setts for any portion of this contingent, we, as a State, 
having a surplus of several thousands. Under the 
system pursued at the War Department, however, 
each Congressional District is treated as a unit, and 



86 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

hence it comes that there is a demand on two districts 
now for men, although the credits to other districts 
and to the State at large, are largely in excess of all 
demands. 

It will interest the General Court to be informed 
that the suggestion frequently and publicly made, and 
intended to impugn the patriotism of the people of 
the Commonwealth, that the requisitions on them have 
been largely met by importing recruits from abroad, 
is not founded in fact. It is true that I have deemed 
it important to the public welfare that the employ- 
ment of persons capable of increasing the masculine 
industrial and military strength of the Common^vealth, 
should be favored. To that end, whenever opportu- 
nity oifered to obtain good recruits for the army from 
among persons desiring to come hither to aid the 
defence and to enjoy the blessings of a free govern- 
ment, I have always accepted them. 

But the whole number thus obtained during the 
past year, (of course not including previous and 
permanent residents of foreign birth who may have 
volunteered,) is but nine hundred and seven (907) out 
of the whole aggregate of recruits exhibited by the 
preceding statement. These are divided among four 
regiments, and include some of their best soldiers. 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 87 

Up to December 22, 1864, the whole number of 
colored troops which have been credited to Massa- 
chusetts, during the war, including the Fifty-Fourth 
Infantry, Fifty-Fifth Infantry, Fifth Cavalry, and their 
recruits, is only 4,731.* The whole number of for- 
eign recruits introduced to our credit, is 907. If we 
add to these the number of men in the Veteran- 
Reserve Corps and Regular Army enlisted to our 
credit, 5,0^4, Ave shall have an aggregate of only 
10,672 — of whom many were proper citizens or resi- 
dents of Massachusetts — the enlistment of whom to 
the credit of this Commonwealth has been made the 
occasion of criticism or complaint, though scarcely by 



54th Regiment Infantry, originally, 1,029 

55th Regiment Infantry, originally, 1,023 

5th Regiment Cavalry, originally, 1,016 



3,0G8 



492 



54th Regiment Infantry, subsequent recruits, . . . 112 

55th Regiment Infantry, subsequent recruits, ... 79 

6th Regiment Cavalry, subsequent recruits, . . , 301 



Bands, .125 

Enlisted at Fortress Monroe, S8 

Enlisted in Rebel States under law of July 4, 18G4, . . 958 

1,171 

4,731 

Up to the close of the year 18G4 the Provost-Marshal-General of the 
Commonweallh had received additional returns of enlistments in rebel 
States, for Massachusetts, (under General Order No. 227 of War Dep't,) 
increasing that aggregate from 958 to 1,214, with informal notice of 175 
more. 



88 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

any who entertain a cordial sympathy with the army 
of the Union, the policy of the Government, or the 
traditionary doctrines of Massachusetts. 

These all have been enlisted under the regulations 
of the Department of War. If our bounties have 
been paid to secure the re-enlistment of Regulars 
and members of the Veteran-Reserve Corps, it is 
because it was the policy of the United States, as 
disclosed in regulations of the War Department, to 
obtain them, — a policy not suggested by the State 
Government of Massachusetts. If we have accepted 
colored volunteers — who have come to Massachusetts 
for the purpose of becoming soldiers — and turned, 
them over as soldiers to the United States, it is 
because when we began to accept them, and until we 
had raised the equivalent of two regiments, no other 
opportunity for them existed in the country. We 
believed in colored men — others did not. We obtained 
permission to try them. We assumed the hazards of 
the enterprise, but the Country/ reaps the reward of its 
brilliant and assured success. 

Passing from the military to the fiscal contributions 
of our Commonwealth to the Union, Massachusetts, 
although thirty-third in area, and by the census of 
1860, seventh in population and seventh in wealth, 



1865.] 



SENATE— No. 1. 



89 



among the States, yet in the fiscal year 1862-3 was 
third, and in 1863-4 was fourth* in the amount 



* In 1860 the population of Virginia, exclusive of West Virginia, 1,246- 
690; Kentucky, 1,155,68-1; Missouri, 1,182,012; Tennessee, 1,109,801, 
and Indiana, 1,350,428, differed little from the population of Massachusetts, 
1,231,066. The valuation of property in these States by the census of that 
year, was also near enough to complete that additional element for a com- 
parison of their relative pecuniary contributions to the General Govern- 
ment ; but by reason of the disturbed domestic condition of many of them, 
Indiana and Kentucky remain the only ones with which such a comparison 
may now fairly be made. In the following table Illinois also is included 
in the comparison, although its population and valuation are far in excess 
of those of Massachusetts. 





1S60. 


1863-G4:. 




Popula- 
tion. 


Property. 


Collections 
Int. Key. 


Income Tax. 


Distil'd Spirits, 
Excise. 


Massachusetts, . 
Illinois, 
Indiana, 
Kentucky, . 


1,231,066 
1,711,951 
1,350,428 
1,155,684 


$769,651,672 
904,182,620 
624,800,849 
757,378,457 


$11,160,652 18 
9,756,491 37 
3,257,401 64 
3,799,589 52 


$1,904,732 03 
586,435 00 
263,936 98 
352,775 44 


$783,509 64 
7,262,433 15 
2,084,442 06 
1,157,364 13 



Thus, leaving out of consideration the internal revenue from banks and 
minor sources which would swell the disproportion, and confining the esti- 
mate solely to internal revenue " collections," these four States stand 
relatively as follows: Where Illinois pays $1, Massachusetts pays $1.14. 
Where Indiana j^ays $1, Massachusetts pays $3.42. Where Kentucky 
pays $1, Massachusetts pays $2.93. And if we leave out of considera- 
tion the excise on distilled spirits, and base the comparison on the other 
sources of "collections," it tlien stands as follows : Where Illinois pays $1, 
Massachusetts pays $4.16. Wlicre Indiana pays $1, Massachusetts pays 
$8.84. Where Kentucky pays $1, Massachusetts pays $3.92. 

The three States which in 1864 surpassed Massachusetts in the total 
amount of internal revenue paid by them, are compared as follows : and as 
Illinois is the fifth State, Indiana the sixth, and Kentucky the seventh, in 
the order of payments, following directly after Massachusetts, the fourth, 



12 



90 



GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. 



[Jan. 



of internal revenue paid by her to the United 
States, being surpassed in the former year only 
by New York and Pennsylvania, and in the 
latter year only by New York, Pennsylvania, and 
Ohio. Excluding the States of North Carolina, 
South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, 
Arkansas, and Texas, from the comparison, the per- 
centage of the population, property, internal revenue 
collections, and income tax of Massachusetts, on the 
aggregate of all the other States and the Territories 
and District of Columbia, is as follows : — 



Population. 

Percent. 4.7811 



Property. 

5.1 G7 6 



Collections. 

10.91G6 



Income Tax. 

12.7671 



By this relative test of percentages, which is the 
critical test, Massachusetts, thirty-third in area, seventh 
in population, and seventh in wealth among the States, 
is second in her proportional contribution to the inter- 
nal revenue of the General Government, being sur- 

the two tables combined illustrate the relative position of Massachusetts 
among these States in this regard. 




All the figures used in these statistics are furnished to me from the 
Internal Revenue Bureau at Washington, unless otherwise expressly stated. 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 91 

passed, in this test, only by her sister and neighbor, 
Rhode Island. 

Nor does the gross snm of fll, 160,652. 16, arising 
from internal revenue collections, represent all the 
internal revenue contribution of Massachusetts in the 
year 1863-4. Additional to this, is the internal 
revenue to the United States from taxes on her 
banks and from minor sources, $979,748.46. And 
beside this, is her proportion of the tax on Federal 
salaries, the total of which tax for all the States, for 
1863-4, was $1,705,124.63, and also her proportion 
of purchases of internal revenue stamps, the sales 
of which, during the same period, amounted to 
$5,894,945.14. A fair allowance for these would 
swell her internal revenue payments, during the last 
fiscal year, (June 30, 1863, — June 30, 1864,) to more 
th^Yi fourteen millions of dollars. 

The fidelity with which her people have responded 
to these taxes, I venture to assert is unsurpassed in 
the history of the world. The proportion of the inter- 
nal revenue collections to the assessments, in every 
district of Massachusetts, exceeds 99 50-100 per cent. ; 
and in most of the districts it exceeds 99 80-100 per 
cent* 



* The following statistics are furnished to me by the courtesy of the 
Collectors of Internal Revenue of the respective Revenue Districts, which 



92 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

Making allowance for incorrect assessments, subse- 
quently abated or annulled, and for absolutely uncol- 
lectable assessments upon the lowest class of liquor 
retailers, the internal revenue collections for Massa- 
chusetts substantially correspond, dollar for dollar, 
with the assessments, — and this not by distraint, not 
by force, not by terror, but by the cheerful alacrity of 
the whole people of the Commonwealth to lavish their 
money as they lavish their blood, for the cause of 
Order, and Union, and Liberty. 

Nor has the necessity of these extraordinary exer- 
tions to support the military and financial wants of the 
Nation, shaken the persistent courage or fidelity of 



correspond in their boundaries to the Congressional Districts. The 
original internal revenue law went into operation September 1, 1862: — 

No. of Assessments Collections on 

District. Sept. 1, 1862, to Aug. 1, 1864. these assessments. 

I $1,152,785 45 |1, 151, 435 33 

II . 1,848,936 35 1,848,135 14 

V 1,597,805 66 1,590,680 89 

VI 2,392,002 41 2,389,273 04 

VII 1,825,205 81 1,822,346 90 

VIII 2,385,080 88 2,382,246 20 

IX 1,055,590 78 1,047,571 71 

X 1,704,760 74 1,700,845 05 

From Districts Nos. 3 and 4, — the two Boston districts, — I have not full 
statistics. I am informed, however, by their Collectors, that the per- 
centages of collections to assessments, exceed in them, as in the others, 
99 50-100. In the foregoing figures, the totals for some of the Districts, 
— as for instance the 5th, 9th, and 10th, — include all the assessments, 
correct and incorrect. Deducting incorrect assessments, the percentage 
of collections in those districts would be equal to the percentage in the 
other districts, as for instance in the 1st and 2d, in whose totals such 
deductions are made. 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 93 

her people. In the election of November they pro- 
nounced the collective will of Massachusetts at the 
polls. They declared her understanding of the issue 
in controversy, and her purpose to stand by the cause 
of Union and of Liberty until the prophesies of the 
National heart shall be fulfilled. Of a popular vote 
of 175,487, she gave to Abraham Lincoln, as the can- 
didate who represented her own traditions and spirit, 
as well as her hope of a future for the Nation and for 
the People, a popular majority of 77,992. His pur- 
pose to stand by the Proclamation of Liberty finds 
a response in nearly all hearts, and is echoed by the 
overwhelming acclamation of her daughters and her 
sons. Nor will they " bate one jot of heart or hope " 
until the war shall "cease on the part of the Gov- 
ernment ivhen it shall have ceased on the part of those 
who began it.''* 

Amendmefits of the Federal Constitution. 
The proposal to amend the Federal Constitution by 
empowering Congress to abolish slavery is urged by 
the President, in his last annual message, upon the 
reconsideration of the House of Representatives. In 
the Senate it has received the needful two-thirds 



* See closing sentence of the President's Message to Congress of Dec, 
18G4. 



94 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

majority. In the House it barely failed. It is hoped 
that reconsideration may disclose a change of votes, 
and establish the adoption by the present Congress of 
a measure which will ultimately extinguish slavery 
and prohibit it forever. 

• If this shall be done, it will be the welcome duty 
and the lasting honor of the present General Court 
to ratify the amendment on the part of Massachusetts. 
If it shall fail, I trust the President will promptly call 
a special session of the new Congress, by which its 
adoption may be considered certain. It would well 
become the Legislature of this Commonwealth, in 
such an emergency, by solemn resolution, to request 
the President to convene Congress for a duty so grand 
in purpose, as well as practical in character and 
exigent in importance. 

I venture also to suggest the proposition of an 
amendment to the Federal Constitution, repealing its 
mhibition of duties on exports. A moderate tax on 
the exportation of cotton, and perhaps of some other 
articles, might be levied by Congress, which would 
materially increase the national revenue, without 
diminishing the production or sale of those articles ; 
while at the same time indirectly promoting their 
manufacture at home, and thus strengthenmg the 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 95 

country in its competition against other nations in 
the markets of the world. 

Had the rebelhon been successful, the Southern 
policy would have been to impose a light revenue 
duty on exports, (which would have affected the 
Northern as well as the European buyers,) and also 
to impose a greatly reduced duty on European manu- 
factures. Thus on introduction of foreign manufac- 
tured goods into the South, they hoped by discriminat- 
ing against our manufactures, and by controllmg 
seven-eighths of the navigable rivers of the continent, 
and of their reach into the interior, to smufjorle foreign 
goods into the West and the North-west, despite the 
laws of the United States — with the intent to disinte- 
grate the free States, to break down American manu- 
factures, discourage skilled, intelligent labor, and 
reduce the laboring classes, by measures alike audacious 
and insidious, to the dependence held by the slave- 
power appropriate for the masses of men. 

I desire to see not only Slavery extirpated, but its 
policy reversed, and an American policy inaugurated 
which will secure at once the freedom of the People, 
the strength of the Government, and the independence 
of American industry. 

The statesmanship of the future gives cause for 
more anxiety than any military concern of the present. 



96 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

How to combine the austerity of a government 
determined to vindicate its rightful power, with the 
parental forbearance which discriminates those who 
are swept into the current of treason from those who 
are the wanton architects of ruin ; this is one of the 
problems. For myself, I would counsel forgiveness 
to the masses of our countrymen, hurried, precipitated 
by a superior power dominating their intelligence and 
their capacity of resistance, into the vortex of a ruin 
they neither foresaw nor even yet comprehend. 
Misguided, cheated, conscribed, overwhelmed, they 
have been led to battle by the light of theij 
blazing homes. They have perilled their own lives 
while they have assailed ours, without comprehending 
the occasion of the war, and without the ability to 
avoid it. Victims of an evil, subjects of a wrong 
which involved their own fate, they were unable to 
escape its meshes or to resist its power. Let the 
people of Massachusetts remember that the poor 
oppressed democracy of Georgia and the Carolinas 
are their brethren. We fight to carry the school-house, 
the free press, the free ballot and all the independent 
manhood of our own New England liberty to the 
people of the slavery-ridden South. Delivering them 
from the domination of their oppressors, — as Maryland 
has just now delivered herself, — let them enjoy with 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 97 

lis the fruit and the feast of \'ictory. Nor let senti- 
mental politics surrender either them, or the hlack 
man, Avith whom they have shared the voiceless woe 
of his servitude, or the country on whose fate our 
own depends, to the possibilities of any reactionary 
theory. So, too, let the color of an African extraction, 
so long the badge of Slavery, cease to be the 
badge of exclusion from any of the privileges of 
citizenship. Let intelligent manhood enjoy that 
recognition and reap its due reward. Then we will 
restore government, order and society. Then we will 
reconstruct the States in rebellion, on a ground of 
principle and faith which will command the friend- 
ship of the Nations, the sympathy of mankind, and 
the benediction of God. 

The old Hall of the House of Hepresentatives at 
Washmgton, with v/hich is associated the fame, the wis- 
dom and the eloquence of so many American statesmen, 
has been set apart by Congress* for a National Gallery 
of Statuary, commemorative of citizens illustrious 
for their historic renown or distinguished civic or 
military service, whose careers on earth have ended. 
Each State will be invited to furnish two statues in 
marble or bronze. Many years will elapse before this 

» Act of 2(1 July, 1SG4, Chapter 210, Section 2. 
13 



98 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

gallery of historic art will be complete. But there 
are already names, ample in number, belonging to 
history, and forming a part of the renown of our 
ancient Commonwealth — venerable names of men 
over whose graves retreating Time has long cast his 
shadow, and of whom such monumental commemora- 
tion would be worthy and becoming. I respect- 
fully recommend the appointment of a Commission, 
to report during the present session a plan of 
cooperation on the part of Massachusetts in this 
eminently patriotic, national design. 

If these honors are paid to the heroes and sages of 
the past, what commemoration awaits those who in 
this generation shall command the gratitude of 
posterity ! 

In the vestibule of the Capitol of the Common- 
wealth you passed to this hall of your deliberations, 
beneath a hundred battle-flags, war-worn, begrimed, 
and bloody. They are sad, but proud memorials of 
the transcendent crime of the Rebellion, the curse 
of Slavery, the elastic energy of a free Common- 
wealth, the glory and the grief of War. 

There has been no loyal army, the shout of whose 
victory has not drowned the dying sigh of a son of 
Massachusetts. There has been no victory gained 
which her blood has not helped to wm. Since the 



1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 99 

War began, four hundred and thirty-four officers whose 
commissions bore our seal, or who were promoted 
by the President to higher than regimental commands, 
have tasted death in the defence of their Country's 
flag. The names of nine General officers, sixteen 

Colonels, seventeen Lieutenant-Colonels, twenty 
Majors, six Surgeons, nine Assistant-Surgeons, two 
Chaplains, one hundi'ed and ten Captains, and two 
hundred and forty-five Lieutenants, illustrate their 
Eoll of Honor.* Nor will the history be deemed 
complete, nor our duty done, until the fate and 
fame of every man — to the humblest private of 
them all — shall have been inscribed upon the records 
of this Capitol, — there to remain, I trust, until the 
earth and sea shall give up their dead. And thus 
shall the Capitol itself become for every soldier-son 
of ours, a monument. 

" Nothing is here for tears, nothing to wail 
Or knock the breast, no weakness, no contempt. 
Dispraise or blame, nothing but well and fair. 
And what may quiet us in a death so noble. 
******** 
Then plant it round with shade 
Of laurel ever green, and branching palm. 
With all his trophies hung, and acts enroU'd 
In copious legend, or sweet lyric song. 
Tliither shall all the valiant youth resort. 
And from his memory inflame their breasts 
To matchless valour, and adventures high : 
The virgins also shall on feastful days 
Visit his tomb with flowers." 

* A list of these in detail, is subjoined, in Appendix H. 



100 GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. [Jan. 

Gentlemen of the Senate, and 

OF the House of Representatives : — 

Standing, probably for the last time, before the 
General Court of Massachusetts, to assume the office 
of her chief executive magistrate, I cannot repress 
my gratitude for the opportunity I have enjoyed of 
serving her, at a period so stirring to the heart, when 
every duty is sublime ; and for the generous indulgence 
of her People toward my efforts for the welfare and 
glory of the State. 

And whatever may hereafter betide or befall me or 
mine, May the God of our Fathers preserve our 
Commonwealth ! 



/•^ (, 



APPENDIX. 



102 



APPENDIX. 



[Jan. 



[A.] 
Resources and Liabilities. 

Liabilities on account of Railroad Corporations. 



"Western Railroad Corporation, 
Eastern Railroad Corporation, 
Norwich Railroad Corporation, 
Southern Vt. R. R. Corporation, 
Troy and Greenfield R. R. Corp'n, 



^3,999,555 56 
500,000 00 
400,000 00 
200,000 00 

1,474,880 00 



State Funded Debt. 
Lunatic Hospital Scrip — 

1852, due 1865, . $100,000 00 

1853, due 1865, . 70,000 00 

1854, due 1874, . 94,000 00 



State Almshouse Scrip — 

1852, due 1872, . $100,000 00 

1853, due 1873, . 60,000 00 

1854, due 1874, . 50,000 00 



State House Scrip — 

1853, due 1873, . 

1854, due 1874, . 

Six per cent. Scrip — 
1856, due 1862, . 
1856, due 1866, . 



$65,000 00 
100,000 00 



$1,000 00 
100,000 00 



Lunatic Hospital Scrip — 

1857, due 1868, . $150,000 00 
1857, due 1877, . 50,000 00 



Consolidation of Statutes Scrip — 
1868, due 1870, . 

Five per cent. Scrip — 

1861, due 1868, . $15,000 00 
1861, due 1870, . 21,000 00 
1861, due 1872, . 17,000 00 



$264,000 00 

210,000 00 

165,000 00 

101,000 00 

200,000 00 
150,000 00 

53,000 00. 



5,574,435 56 



18G5.] SENATE— No. 1. 103 

Six per cent. Scrip — 

1861, due 1868, . $75,000 00 
1861, due 1870, . 89,000 00 
1861, due 1872, . 83,000 00 

$247,000 00 



Union Fund Loan Scrip — 

1861, due 1871, . $205,000 00 

1861, due 1872, . 341,000 00 

1861, due 1873, . 304,000 00 

1861, due 1874, . 300,000 00 

1861, due 1875, . 420,000 00 

1861, due 1876, . 1,430,000 00 

1862, due 1877, . 400,000 00 
1862, due 1878, . 200,000 00 



Bounty Fund Loan Scrip — 

1863, due 1894, . $200,000 00 

1864, due 1894, • 1,500,500 00 



Coast Defence Loan Scrip — 

1863, due 1883, . $388,000 00 

1864, due 1883, . 500,000 00 



3,600,000 00 



1,700,500 00 



888,000 00 



Back Bay Loan — 

1862-63, due 1880, . . . 220,000 00 



$14,372,935 56 



Floating Debt. 

Temporary Loans due sundry B'ks. $3,150,750 00 

Deposit Loans due 

Savings Banks, . $260,500 00 

Deposit Loans due 

Individuals, . 3,317,818 00 

Deposit Loans due 

sundry Funds, . 1,108,969 00 

4,687,287 00 

Cash deposits by towns and individ- 
uals on account of recruits, . 265,000 00 

Outstanding claims for the quarter 

ending Dec. 31, 1864, estimated, . 200,000 00 



104 APPENDIX. [Jan. 

Outstanding claims for monthly pay 

of soldiers, $218,000 00 

$8,521,037 00 



Total liabilities, $22,893,972 56 



Resources. 

Loans to Railroad Corporations — 
Mortgage W. R. R. Co.'s entire 

property, $3,999,555 56 

Mortgage E. R. R. Co.'s entire 

property, 500,000 00 

Mortgage N. and W. R. R. Co.'s 

entire property, . . . 400,000 00 

Troy and Greenfield R. R. entire 

property, 1,474,880 00 

Sinking Fund, T. and G. R. R. . 79,218 00 

Southern Vt. R. R. Co.'s entire 

property, 200,000 00 



5,653,653 56 



For Funded Debt. 
Debt Extinguishment Fund,* . $1,157,400 00 

Union Loan Sinking Fund,* . . 2,441,093 00 
Almshouse Loan Sinking Fund,* . 94,393 00 
Back Bay Lands F'd, $376,761 00* 
B. Bay Lands unsold, 2,000,000 OOf 

2,376,761 00 

Bounty Loan Sinking Fund, 38,580 00 

Balance of claim against the U. S.,J 1,907,413 41 

8,015,640 41 

Unproductive property, ..... 3,187,917 33 

Total resources, ..... .$17,857,21130 

(Exclusive of School and other Trust Funds, which amount to 
$2,131,326.) 

* Market value. 

f Commissioners' estimate ; the amount, if realized, to be added to the 
Bounty Loan Sinking Fund, per Acts 18G4, chap. 313, sect. 3. 

X This amount, when paid, is to be added to the Union Loan Sinking 
Fund, per Acts ISGl, chap. 209, sect. 1. 



1865.] 



SENATE— No. 1. 



105 



[B.] 

Revenue Receipts, 1864 
State Tax, .... 
Bank Tax, .... 
Savings Bank Tax, 
Semi-annual Insurance Tax, 
Annual Insurance Tax, 
Premium of sale of Scrip, 
Corporation Tax,* 
Miscellaneous, 



Payments or Disbursements, 18G4. 



$2,263,287 00 
630,729 06 
452,399 29 
101,565 18 
26,736 41 
126,275 33 
1,718,948 45 
520,376 89 

$5,840,317 61 



Executive Department, 
Secretary's Department, 
Treasurer's Department, . 
Auditor's Department, 
Attorney-General's Depai'tment, 
Bank Commissioners, 
Insurance Commissioners, . 
Agricultural Department, . 
Sergeant-at-x\rms' Department, 
Judiciary Department, 
Legislative Department, . 
Adjutant, Quartermaster, and Surgeon 

General's Departments, 
State aid, &c., to Soldiers, 
Charitable, 
Correctional, 
Miscellaneous, . 
Interest, . 
Premium on coin, 

Excess of receipts, 



$31,354 75 

21,675 33 

19,765 09 

8,761 35 

17,272 36 

8,170 01 

6,268 91 

43,985 14 

16,292 96 

154,248 90 

231,099 81 

412,714 37 
2,367,278 28 
349,871 89 
185,683 08 
327,972 83 
463,564 70 
436,278 19 



;5,102,257 95 
$738,059 66 



* A very large portion of this tax is to be refunded to the several cities 
and towns of the Commonwealth, as soon as the accounts can be made up. 

14 



106 



APPENDIX. 



[Jan. 



[C] 

Detailed Statement of Men furnished hy Massachusetts, 
as recapitulated in the Governor'' s Annual Address of 
January, 1864. 



Three Years Men, Previous to the Call of July, 1862 

1st Regiment Infantry, 1861 

2d Regiment Infantry, 1861 

7th Regiment Infantry, 1861 

9tli Regiment Infantry, 1861 
10th Regiment Infantry, 1861 
11th Regiment Infantry, 1861 
12th Regiment Inflxntry, 1861 
13th Regiment Infantry, 1861 
14th Regiment Inflxntry, 1861 
15th Regiment Infantry, 1861 
16th Regiment Infantry, 1861 
17th Regiment Infantry, 1861 
18th Regiment Inflmtry, 1861 
19th Regiment Infantry, 1861 
20th Regiment Infantry, 1861 
21st Regiment Infantry, 1861 
22d Regiment Infantry, 1861 
23d Regiment Infantry, 1861 
24th Regiment Infantry, 1861 
25th Regiment Inftxntry, 1861 
26th Regiment Inflxntry, 1861 
27th Regiment Infantry, 1861 
28th Regiment Infantry, 1861 
29th Regiment Infantry, 1861 
30th Regiment Infantry, 1861 
3l3t Regiment Infixntry, 1861 

1st Battery Artillery, 1861, 

2d Battery Artillery, 1861, 

3d Battery Artillery, 1861, 

4th Battery Artillery, 1861, 

5th Battery Artillery, 1861, 

6th Battery Artillery, 1861, 

7th Battery Artillery, 1861, 

8th Battery Artillery, 1861, 



1,047 

1,04P 

1,046 

1,047 

1,047 

1,050 

1,055 

1,021 

1,305 

1,040 

1,003 

951 

1,012 

852 

762 

1,007 

1,050 

1,062 

989 

1,032 

1,050 

983 

950 

881 

929 

941 

170 

152 

157 

154 

156 

139 

152 

155 



1865.] 



SENATE— No. 1. 



Cavalry, 1861, 
Sharpshooters, 1861, 
Recruits up to August, 1862, . 
Co. « B," 40th N. Y. Volunteers, 
Co. " H," 1st Excelsior Brigade, 
Co. " D," 5th Excelsior Brigade, 
Men in Union Coast Guard, . 



'^iree Tears 3Ien, under the Call of July, 1862 

32d Regiment Infantry, 1862, 

33d Regiment Infantry, 1862, 

34th Regiment Infantry, 1862, 

35th Regiment Infantry, 1862, 

36th Regiment Infantry, 1862, 

37th Regiment Infantry, 1862, 

38th Regiment Infantry, 1862, 

39th Regiment Infantry, 1862, 

40th Regiment Infantry, 1862, 

41st Regiment Infantry, 1862, 
9th Battery Artillery, 1862, 

10th Battery Artillery, 1862, 
1st Company Artillery,'^1862, (Cabot's Battalion,) 
2d Company Artillery, 1862, (Cabot's Battalion,) 
3d Company Artillery, 1862, (3d Reg't Heavy Artil'y, 
Recruits from August, 1862, to May 19, 1863, 



Total, 



/AC f 

107 

1,857 

208 

2,279 

101 

89 

90 

233 



32,250 



1,018 
942 

1,027 

1,018 

1,015 
979 

1,018 
987 
992 

1,127 
152 
156 
147 
140 
156 

5,209 

16,083 



Nine Months Men. 



3d Regiment Infantry, 

4th Regiment Infantry, 

5th Regiment Infantry, 

6th Regiment Infantry, 

8th Regiment Infantry, 

42d Regiment Infantry, 

43d Regiment Infantry, 

44th Regiment Infontry, 

45th Regiment Infantry, 

46th Regiment Infantry, 



1,007 

982 

997 

913 

962 

998 

1,024 

1,023 

1,005 

983 



108 



APPENDIX. 



47th Regiment Infantry, 
48th Regiment Infantry, 
49 th Regiment Infantry, 
50th Regiment Infantry, 
51st Regiment Infantry, 
5 2d Regiment Infantry, 
53d Regiment Infantry, 
11th Battery Light Artillery, 

Nine months men, , 



Reduced to three years by dividing by 4, 



Additional Three Years Men, up to October 17, 1863 
2d Regiment Cavalry, 

New Battalion for 1st Regiment Cavalry, 
2d Regiment Heavy Artillery, . 
4th Unattached Company Heavy Artillery, 
5th Unattached Company Heavy Artillery, 
6th Unattached Company Heavy Artillery, 
7th Unattached Company Heavy Artillery, 
8th Unattached Company Heavy Artillery, 
9th Unattached Company Heavy Artillery, 

10th Unattached Company Heavy Artillery, 

54th Regiment Infantry, 

55th Regiment Infantry, 

12th Battery Light Artillery, 

13th Battery Light Artillery, 

15th Battery Light Artillery, 

Recruits for old Regiments and Companies, 

4 Regiments and 11 Co's, and Recruits for three years, 

Recapitulation. 
Three years men raised before the call of July, 186,2, 

Under the call of July, 1862, 

16,837 nine months men, equal, when reduced to three 

years men, to ....... . 

Volunteers enlisted and mustered between January 1, 

1863, and October 17, 1863, 



[Jan. 

1,024 

996 
948 
964 
961 
940 
958 
152 

16,837 

4,209 



1,190 
60 

1,073 
152 
144 
133 
178 
135 
141 
132 

1,029 

1,023 
135 
147 
172 
509 

6,353 



32,250 
16,083 

4,209 

6,353 



Total, according to last Annual Address, 



58,895 



1865.] 



SENATE— No. 1. 



109 



Detailed Statement of Men furnished by Massachusetts, in 

addition to those included in the foregoing' Recapitulation. 

2J Regiment Heavy Artillery, (additional,) . . 788 

3d Regiment Heavy Ai-tillery, (additional,) . . 358 

1st Regiment Cavalry, (new battalion,) (additional,) . 360 

4th Regiment Cavalry, ...... 1,001 

5th Regiment Cavalry, (colored,) . . . . 1,016 

56th Regiment Infimtry, ...... 965 

57th Regiment Infantry, 924 

58th Regiment Infantry, ...... 845 

59th Regiment Infantry, 947 

11th Battery Light Artillery, (re-enlisted,) . . . 155 

14th Battery Light Artillery, 147 

16th Battery Light Artillery, 149 

Men enlisted at Fortress Monroe, by Capt. Wilder, . 88 

Band for 3d Brigade, 1st Division, 6th Corps, . . 16 

Band for 2d Brigade, 1st Division, 2d Corps, ... 16 

Band for 3d Brigade, 2d Division, 2d Corps^ ... 15 

Band for 1st Bz'igade, 1st Division, 2d Corps, ... 16 

Band for 2d Brigade, 3d Division, 6th Corps, ... 15 

Band for 3d Brigade, 1st Division, 12th Corps, . . 15 

Band for Corps d' Afrique, No. 1, . . . . . 16 

Band for Corps d' Afrique, No. 2, 16 



United States Provost-Marshal's enlistments for old organ- 
izations from October 17, 1863, to January 1, 1864, — 



First District, 


10 


Third District, 


67 


Fourth District, 


35 


Fifth District, 


46 


Sixth District, 


42 


Seventh District, . 


55 


Eighth District, 


44 


Ninth District, 


101 


Tenth District, 


19— 


Product of draft of July, 1863 


5 • 


Conscripts, 


743 


Substitutes, . 


2,325 


Paid commutation, . 


3,622— 



7,^ 



419 



6,690 



110 



APPENDIX. 



[Jan. 



Veteran Reserve Corps and United States Regulars, . 3,1 67 
Recruits for old organizations, . . ... . 5,428 



Re-enlisted Veteran Volunteers,- 

1st Regiment Infantry, 

2d Regiment Infantry, 

7th Regiment Infixntry, 

9th Regiment Infantry, 
10th Regiment Infantry, 
11th Regiment Infantry, 
12th Regiment Infantry, 
13th Regiment Infantry, 
14th Regiment Infantry, (1st Ilea. Art.,) 
15th Regiment Infantiy, 
16th Regiment Infontry, 
17th Regiment Infontry, 
18tli Regiment Infantry, 
19th Regiment Infentry, 
20th Regiment Infantry, 
21st Regiment Infantry, 
22d Regiment-Infantry, 
23d Regiment Infantry, 
24th Regiment Infantry, 
25tli Regiment Infantry, 
26th Regiment Infantry, 
27th Regiment Infantry, 
28th Regiment Infantry, 
29th Regiment Infantry, 
30th Regiment Infantry, 
31st Regiment Infantry, 
3 2d Regiment Infantry, 

1st Regiment Cavalry, 

1st Regiment Cavalry, (Indep't Batt'n,) 

1st Regiment Cavalry, (Indep't Batt'n,) 

1st Battalion Heavy Art'y, (Ft. Wai-ren,) 

1st Battery Light Artillery, 

2d Battery Light Artillery, 

3d Battery Light Artillery, 

4th Battery Light Artillery, 

5th Battery Light Artillery, 



16 
155 

62 

25 

146 

98 

16 

21 

532 

64 

96 

184 

139 

160 

173 

237 

83 

232 

415 

423 

546 

338 

157 

149 

357 

330 

360 

187 

47 

86 

•60 

33 

23 

38 

93 

43 



1865.] 



SENATE— No. 1. 



6th Battery Light Artillery, 

7 th Battery Light Artillery, 

10th Battery Light Artillery, 



56 

19 

3 



Men in Navy whose names were borne upon the enrol- 
ment lists, and who were credited by the United States' 
Provost-Marshal- General, prior to February 24, 1864, 

Enlistments in Navy from February 24, 1864, to July 1, 
1864, credited as above, ...... 

Gallop's Island — Recruits for old organizations, — 

For the month of July, 1864, . . 805 
For the month of August, 1864, . . 1,037 
For the month of September, 1864, . 1,141 
For the month of October, 1864, . . 221 
For the month of November, 1864, . 461) 
3d Regiment Heavy Artillery, Sept. 17, (addi- 
tional,) . . .... 146 

4th Regiment Heavy Artillery, . . 1,660 

29th Unattached Co. Heavy Artillery, . 147 

30th Unattached Co. Heavy Artillery, . 146 

61st Regiment Infantry, .... 573 

Enlistments in Rebel States under Act of July 4, 1864, — 

White men, 68 

Colored men, . . . . . ' . 770 

Enlistments in Navy from July 1st to December 1st, 
Credits by Naval Commissioners, ..... 

Enlistments in Veteran Reserve Corps from July 1st to 
December 1st, 1864, 

Enlistments in United States Regulars from July 1st to 
December 1st, 1864, 

Enlistments in Marine Corps from July 1st to December 
1st, 1864, 

Draft, May and June, 1864, 

Draft, substitutes for enrolled men, .... 

Six unattached companies of Infantry for one year's ser- 
vice, viz.: the 2d, 17th, 19th, 20tli, 21st and 25th, 



111 



6,202 

1,526 

948 



6,345 



838 

1,935 
16,625 



1,002 

865 

62 

2,056 
3,130 



112 



APPENDIX. 



[Jan. 



Enlistments from Dec. 1 to Dec. 22, 1864, namely : — 

Enlistments by Provost-Marshal-General of State, — 

White men, ...... 42 

Colored men, ...... 188 

Number of men reported to Provost-Mar- 
shal-General of State as having been 
mustered, but rolls not received, . . 129 
Gallop's Island, recruits for old organiza- 
tions, 484 

Naval enlistments, ..... 20 



863 



66,542 







p. t; 








c ^^ 












RECAPITULATION. 


3 


-a 2 


OS 

a 
.2 


New Battalion for 1st Regiment Cavalry, 


420 


60 


360 


4th Regiment Cavalry, 




1,001 


~ 


1,001 


5th " " ... 


. 


1,016 


- 


1,016 


2d Regiment Heavy Artillery, . 


. 


1,861 


1,073 


788 


3d* " " '" 




1,379 


875 


504 


4th " » u . . 


. 


1,660 


- 


1,660 


29th " " " unattached company, 

30th " " " " " 


|293 


- 


293 


11th Battery Light Artillery, (re-enlisted,) . 


155 


- 


155 


14th " u u . . 




147 


- 


147 


16th " u a ^ . 




149 


- 


149 


56th Regjiment Infantry, 




965 


- 


965 


57th ' " " ... 




924 


- 


924 


58th " " ... 




845 


- 


845 


59th " " ... 




947 


- 


947 


61st " "... 




573 


- 


573 


Six unattached Companies Infantry, 




573 


- 


573 


Men enlisted at Fortress Monroe in 1863, 




88 


- 


88 


Veteran Reserve Corps and U. S. Regulars, 




5,034 


- 


5,034 


Recruits for old organizations, 




9,101 


- 


9,101 


Re-enlisted Veterans, .... 




6,202 


- 


6,202 


Enlistments by Provost-Marshals, . 




1,257 


- 


1,257 


Draft of July, 1863, .... 




6,690 


- 


6,690 


Draft of May and June, 1864, 




2,056 


- 


2.056 


Substitutes lor Enrolled Men, 




3,130 


- 


3,130 


Bands, 




125 


- 


125 


Enlistments in Dec. 1864, up to Dec. 22, 




863 


— 


863 



* Formed from twelve unattached companies; namely, the Third, and Sixth to Sixteenth) 
inclusive. 



/3 ^i 

1865.] SENATE— No. 1. 113 

Total furnished for the army, during the last year, . . 45,446 

Naval enlistments, determined by the Naval Commission, 16,625 

Other naval enlistments credited during the year, . . 4,409 

Marine Corps, 62 



t See also table in Appendix, [D.] 

15 



Total of new credits, 66,542 

Total of old credits, which, reduced to the three 

years' standard, were . . . . . .58,895 



tl25,437 



114 



APPENDIX. 



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APPENDIX. 



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1865.] 



SENATE— No. 1. 



117 



[G.] 

Statement sTioioing tJie actual number of Men furnished hy Massaclm- 
setts for the service of the United States for the several terms of 
service : 



ORGANIZATIOKS, TERMS, &c. 



Aggregate. 



Three Months' Service, 1861. 
Four (4) regiments Infantry, . 
One (1) battalion Riflemen, . 
One (1) battery Light Artillery, 

Three Years 3Ien in Army. 
Forty (40) regiments Infantry, 
Five (5) regiments Cavalry, . 
Three (3) regiments Heavy Artillery, 
One (1) battalion Heavy Artillery, 
Sixteen (16) batteries Light Artillery, 
Two (2) companies Sharpshooters, . 
Recruits, including drafted men, for above or 

ganizations, ...... 

Men for Regular Army, Veteran Reserve Corps 

and other organizations, 
Re-enlistments in State organizations, 

One Year Men in Army. 
One (1) regiment Infantry, (6 companies,) 
One (1) regiment Heavy Artillery, 
Eight (8) unattached Comjianies, . 

Nine Months Men. 
Seventeen (17) regiments Infantry, 

One Hundred Days Men. 
Five (5) regiments Infantry, . 
Kine (9) unattached Companies, 

Ninety Days Men. 
Thirteen (13) unattached companies Infantry, 

Men in Navy. 

Number for one year, 

" for two years, ..... 
" for three years, ..... 
" term not given, ..... 

Number enlisted in December, 1864, up to the 
22d of the month, 



54,187 



26,091 

9,790 
6,202 



8,074 

3,204 

13,929 

956 



3,736 



96,270 
3,099 

16,685 
5,461 
1,209 



26,163 

863 

153,486 



118 



APPENDIX. 



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120 



APPENDIX 



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Ninth Reg 
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p E. Redmo 
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Ten^Zt Reg 
er F. Parke 
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in E. Day, 
;s H. Wethe 
am A. Ashl( 
in B. Bartle 
son E. iMun^ 
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amin F. Lei 
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d E. Midgle 


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1865.] 



SENATE— No. 1. 



121 






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122 



APPENDIX. 



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124 



APPENDIX. 



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1865.] 



SENATE— No. 1. 



127 



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128 



APPENDIX. 



[Jan. 



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1865.] 



SENATE— No. 1. 



' (r^ /7 



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138 APPENDIX. [Jan. 

The General Officers of the army from Massachusetts are — 

Majov-Gencral B. F. Butler. 

" N. P. Banks. 

" " D. W. Couch, wounded. 

'< " A. W. Whipple, Major of Engineece Regular Army, 
killed at Chancellorsville. 

" " George C. Strong, killed at Fort AVagner. 

" " J. G. Barnard, U. S. Engineer Corps. 

Brev't I\laj. " N. II. Miles, wounded. 

Brigadier-General H. S. Briggs, wounded. 

" " James Barnes, wounded. 

" " Ilufus Saxton, Captain Regular Army. 

«' " Rice, killed. 

«' " Joseph B. Plummer, died of wounds. 

" " Charles Devens, wounded In two battles. 

" " George H. Gordon. 

" " A. B. Underwood, wounded. 

<' " Edward A. Wild, wounded in two battles. 

" " William Dwight, wounded. 

" " Henry L. Eustis. 

" " Edward W. Ilinks, wounded. 

" " Thomas G. Stevenson, killed. 

" " Joseph Hayes, wounded. 

" " George L. Andrews. 

" " Frederick W. Lander, died of v/ounds. 

" " Z. B. Tower, wounded. 
William Blaisdell, killed. 

" " Charles J. Paine, wounded. 

" " William F. Bartlett, wounded in three battles. 

Brev't Brig. " Charles R. Lowell, Jr., killed. 

" " George D. Wells, killed. 

" " Horace B. Sargent, wounded. 

" " George N. Macy, wounded in two battles. 

" " AVilliam S. Tilton, wounded. 

" <' N. B. McLaughlin, Captain Regular Army. 

" " G. V. Henry, Captain Regular Army. 

" " A. G. Draper. 

Of this list of thirty-Jive Massachusetts General Officers, nine have 
been killed or fatally wounded in action, while sixteen more who 
have fallen in battle survive their wounds. Only ten have escaped 
injury. 



1865.] 



SENATE— No. 1. 



139 



K E G I JI E N T S . 



First, 
Second, . 
Seventh, . 
Ninth, . 
Tenth, . 
Eleventh, 
Twelfth, . 
Thirteenth, 
Fifteenth, 
Sixteenth, 
Seventeenth, . 
Eighteenth, 
Nineteenth, 
Twentieth, 
Twenty-First, . 
Twenty-Second, 
Twenty-Third, 
Twenty-Fourth, 
Twenty-Fifth, . 
Twenty-Sixth, 
Twenty- Seventh, 
Twenty-Eighth, 
Twenty-Ninth, 
Thirtieth, 
Thirty-First, . 
Thirty-Second, 
Thirty-Third, . 
Thirty-Fourth, 
Thirty-Fifth, . 
Thirty-Sixth, . 
Thirty-Seventh, 
Thirty-Eighth, 
Thirty-Ninth, . 
Fortieth, . 
Forty-Second, 
Forty-Fourth, . 
Forty-Eighth, . 
Forty-Ninth, . 
Fiftieth, . 
Fifty-Third, . 
Fifty-Fourth, . 
Fifty-Fifth, . 
Fifty-Sixth, . 
Fifty-Seventh, 
Fifty-Eighth, . 
Fifty-Ninth, . 



140 



APPENDIX. 



[Jan. '65. 



REGIMENTS. 


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o 
V 


n 
o 
o 
O 


'o? 


B 
O 

3 

CO 


Op 
•n o 


c 
*S 

"E. 

C3 
O 


□ 

OS 

o. 

S! 

O 


a 

3 

li 


3 

g § 

to 


First Heavy Artillery, 
Second " " 
First Cavalry, 
Second " 
Third " 
Fourth " 

Third Li2;ht Artillery, 
Fifth '^' » 
Sixth " " 
Seventh " " 
Ninth " " 
Tenth " " 
First Sharpshooters, 




1 


1 


2 
1 


- 


1 


- 


3 

4 
1 

1 


3 

2 

4 
1 
3 
2 

1 

1 

2 
1 

2 


2 

2 
3 

1 
1 






16 


17 


20 


6 


9 


2 110 


150 


95 



SUMMARY. 

General Officers, 9 

Colonels, 16 

Lieutenant-Colonels, ....... 17 

Majors, 20 

SurjTeons, ......... 6 

Assistant-Surgeons, ........ 9 

Chaplains, 2 

Captains, 110 

First Lieutenants, . . .«„ 150 

Second Lieutenants, ....... 95 

434 



Lbf%'i3 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



013 703 194 2 



